{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:24:07Z","timestamp":1789597447159,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01040732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01040732"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01068652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01068652"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01040732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01040732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01068652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01068652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) still prevails and continues to increase indiscriminately throughout the 21st century, and is thus responsible for the depreciating quality of health and associated sectors. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by a significant amassment of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles near the hippocampus, leading to the consequent loss of cognitive abilities. Conventionally, amyloid and tau hypotheses have been established as the most prominent in providing detailed insight into the disease pathogenesis and revealing the associative biomarkers intricately involved in AD progression. Nanotheranostic deliberates rational thought toward designing efficacious nanosystems and strategic endeavors for AD diagnosis and therapeutic implications. The exceeding advancements in this field enable the scientific community to envisage and conceptualize pharmacokinetic monitoring of the drug, sustained and targeted drug delivery responses, fabrication of anti-amyloid therapeutics, and enhanced accumulation of the targeted drug across the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB), thus giving an optimistic approach towards personalized and precision medicine. Current methods idealized on the design and bioengineering of an array of nanoparticulate systems offer higher affinity towards neurocapillary endothelial cells and the BBB. They have recently attracted intriguing attention to the early diagnostic and therapeutic measures taken to manage the progression of the disease. In this article, we tend to furnish a comprehensive outlook, the detailed mechanism of conventional AD pathogenesis, and new findings. We also summarize the shortcomings in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches undertaken to alleviate AD, thus providing a unique window towards nanotheranostic advancements without disregarding potential drawbacks, side effects, and safety concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:59:08Z","timestamp":1725861548000},"page":"9690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathology and Assistive Nanotheranostic Approaches for Its Therapeutic Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8098-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuvab","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhrojyoti","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramya Lakshmi","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiyasa","family":"Bhuniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purbasha","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bidyabati","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagnik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, St Xavier\u2019s College (Autonomous), Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atharva Anand","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7285-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anushka","family":"Samant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Orissa, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-Cheol","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakash","family":"Gangadaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524022666220404112843","article-title":"Current Status of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Pathological Mechanisms Investigating the Therapeutic Molecular Targets","volume":"23","author":"Bagga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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