{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:50:05Z","timestamp":1780332605738,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SwissLife foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lichen planus (LP) is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disease. While various clinical subtypes have been defined, detailed comparisons of these variants are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate differences in gene expression and cellular composition across LP subtypes. Lesional skin biopsies from 28 LP patients (classical, oral, genital, and lichen planopilaris) and seven non-diseased skin controls (NDC) were analyzed. Gene expression profiling of 730 inflammation-related genes was conducted using NanoString. Immune cell compositions were assessed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Gene expression profiles revealed unique inflammatory signatures for each LP subtype. Lichen planopilaris exhibited the most divergence, with downregulated gene expression and upregulation of complement pathway genes (C5-7), along with elevated M2 macrophages. Oral and genital LP demonstrated similar profiles with strong upregulation of TNF-related and Toll-like receptor-associated genes. Oral LP showed the highest upregulation of cytotoxicity-associated genes, as well as high numbers of CD8+ IL-17A+ (Tc17) cells (8.02%). Interferon gene signatures were strongly upregulated in oral and classical LP. The study highlights distinct differences in inflammatory gene expression and cell composition across LP subtypes, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:59:08Z","timestamp":1725861548000},"page":"9720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinct Variations in Gene Expression and Cell Composition across Lichen Planus Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cadri","family":"Knoch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Baghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3695-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Turko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Winkelbeiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Staeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kongchang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Laboratory for Biointerfaces, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Banzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Mellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5902-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell P.","family":"Levesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3863-8766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuendig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars E.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Heinzerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Erlangen, 80337 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2807-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Meier-Schiesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"864","article-title":"Lichen planus\u2014A clinical guide","volume":"19","author":"Solimani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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