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Ninety-seven participants (62% women), 35 with T2D and 62 BMI- and waist-matched controls without T2D, followed the 5:2 diet (two days per week of fasting) for six months with a 12-month follow-up. At six months, there was no loss to follow-up in the T2D group, whereas four controls discontinued this study. Overall, 82% attended the 12-month follow-up. After the intervention, insulin levels decreased in the control group and glucose decreased in the T2D group, while C-peptide, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, BMI, trunk, and total fat% decreased in both groups. Furthermore, low IGFBP-1, indicating hyperinsulinemia, improved in the T2D group. The changes in fasting glucose and waist measurement were significantly more improved in the T2D group than in the controls. Persistent positive effects were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The 5:2 diet for six months was feasible and efficient to reduce markers of insulin secretion and resistance and therefore holds promise as management of overweight\/obesity in subjects with and without T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:59:08Z","timestamp":1725861548000},"page":"9731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The 5:2 Diet Affects Markers of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes\u2014A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Neda Rajamand","family":"Ekberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centre, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Hellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela Linn","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, \u00c5strand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica Lind\u00e9n","family":"Hirschberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6914-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiu-Bogdan","family":"Catrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centre, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Brismar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2021). 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