{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:30Z","timestamp":1787162370601,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil","award":["310241\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310241\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil","award":["313299\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313299\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Goias (FAPEG), (GO), Brazil","award":["310241\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310241\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Goias (FAPEG), (GO), Brazil","award":["313299\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313299\/2018-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several lung diseases can cause structural damage, making lung transplantation the only therapeutic option for advanced disease stages. However, the transplantation success rate remains limited. Lung bioengineering using the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized lungs is a potential alternative. The use of undifferentiated cells to seed the ECM is practical; however, sterilizing the organ for recellularization is challenging. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) may offer a solution, in which the wavelength is crucial for tissue penetration. This study aimed to explore the potential of optimizing lung recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells using PBMT (660 nm) after sterilization with PBMT (880 nm). The lungs from C57BL\/6 mice were decellularized using 1% SDS and sterilized using PBMT (880 nm, 100 mW, 30 s). Recellularization was performed in two groups: (1) recellularized lung and (2) recellularized lung + 660 nm PBMT (660 nm, 100 mW, 30 s). Both were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells from human tooth pulp (DPSc) and incubated for 24 h at 37 \u00b0C and 5% CO2 in bioreactor-like conditions with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 20 cmH2O and 90% O2. The culture medium was analyzed after 24 h. H&amp;E, immunostaining, SEM, and ELISA assays were performed. Viable biological scaffolds were produced, which were free of cell DNA and preserved the glycosaminoglycans; collagens I, III, and IV; fibronectin; laminin; elastin; and the lung structure (SEM). The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were stable during the 24 h culture, but the IFN-\u03b3 levels showed significant differences in the recellularized lung and recellularized lung + 660 nm PBMT groups. Greater immunological modulation was observed in the recellularized groups regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-8). These findings suggest that PBMT plays a role in cytokine regulation and antimicrobial activity, thus offering promise for enhanced therapeutic strategies in lung bioengineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1727062598000},"page":"10131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhancing Lung Recellularization with Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Photobiomodulation Therapy: Insights into Cytokine Modulation and Sterilization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Leticia L.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auril\u00e9ia A.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), S\u00e3o Paulo 17011-102, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andressa D.","family":"Cereta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), S\u00e3o Paulo 17011-102, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro R.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego A. C. P. G.","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irans\u00e9","family":"Oliveira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos H. M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deise A. A. P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo de Paula","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9909-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dante Brasil","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9506-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Insalaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3852-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds V. F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4799-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Kelly","family":"da Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program, Evangelic University of Goi\u00e1s, UniEVANGELICA, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440717","article-title":"Trasplantation of a tissue- engineered pulmonary artery","volume":"344","author":"Imai","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. 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