{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:00:13Z","timestamp":1790222413448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2021R1F1A1057432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1057432"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although coronary artery occlusion can have a negative effect on the myocardium, chronic total occlusion (CTO) exhibits different clinical features from those of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, we identify the differential associations of exosomal miRNAs with CTO and AMI. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma obtained from coronary arteries of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to treat CTO (n = 29) and AMI (n = 24), followed by small RNA sequencing, target gene predictions, and functional enrichment analyses. Promising miRNA markers were validated using real-time PCR in 35 CTO, 35 AMI, and 10 normal subjects. A total of 205 miRNAs were detected in all subjects, and 20 and 12 miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated in CTO compared to AMI patients, respectively (|fold change| &gt; 4, FDR q &lt; 0.05). The target genes of miRNAs that were higher in CTO patients were associated with \u201cregulation of cell cycle phase transition\u201d, \u201ccell growth\u201d, and \u201capoptosis\u201d. The target genes of miRNAs that were lower in CTO patients were enriched in terms such as \u201cmuscle cell differentiation\u201d, \u201cresponse to oxygen levels\u201d, and \u201cartery morphogenesis\u201d. On qRT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of miR-9-5p and miR-127-3p were significantly different between CTO and AMI patients. The miRNA expression levels accurately distinguished CTO from AMI patients with 79% specificity and 97% sensitivity. The miRNA contents of plasma exosomes were significantly different between CTO and AMI patients. The miRNAs may play important roles in CTO and AMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T03:49:46Z","timestamp":1727149786000},"page":"10223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exosomal miRNAs Differentiate Chronic Total Occlusion from Acute Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hong","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5024-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inki","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Gyu","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Oh","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Sun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Haeng","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4025-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hun Soo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9593-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.H., Behnes, M., Mashayekhi, K., Bufe, A., Meyer-Gessner, M., El-Battrawy, I., and Akin, I. 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