{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:16:26Z","timestamp":1791396986642,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#2023\/13110-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2023\/13110-0"]}]},{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2022\/08743-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/08743-1"]}]},{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2022\/16176-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/16176-0"]}]},{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2023\/07482-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/07482-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#2023\/13110-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2023\/13110-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["2022\/08743-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/08743-1"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["2022\/16176-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/16176-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["2023\/07482-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/07482-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Changes in maternal gut microbiota due to stress and\/or ethanol exposure can have lasting effects on offspring\u2019s health, particularly regarding immunity, inflammation response, and susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. The literature search for this review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus, employing keywords and phrases related to maternal stress, ethanol exposure, gut microbiota, microbiome, gut\u2013brain axis, diet, dysbiosis, progesterone, placenta, prenatal development, immunity, inflammation, and depression to identify relevant studies in both preclinical and human research. Only a limited number of reviews were included to support the arguments. The search encompassed studies from the 1990s to the present. This review begins by exploring the role of microbiota in modulating host health and disease. It then examines how disturbances in maternal microbiota can affect the offspring\u2019s immune system. The analysis continues by investigating the interplay between stress and dysbiosis, focusing on how prenatal maternal stress influences both maternal and offspring microbiota and its implications for susceptibility to depression. The review also considers the impact of ethanol consumption on gut dysbiosis, with an emphasis on the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on both maternal and offspring microbiota. Finally, it is suggested that maternal gut microbiota dysbiosis may be significantly exacerbated by the combined effects of stress and ethanol exposure, leading to immune system dysfunction and chronic inflammation, which could increase the risk of depression in the offspring. These interactions underscore the potential for novel mental health interventions that address the gut\u2013brain axis, especially in relation to maternal and offspring health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T05:53:03Z","timestamp":1725947583000},"page":"9776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prenatal Stress and Ethanol Exposure: Microbiota-Induced Immune Dysregulation and Psychiatric Risks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8131-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosana","family":"Camarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Marianno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maylin","family":"Hanampa-Maquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel dos Santos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels Olsen Saraiva","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.35","article-title":"Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis","volume":"6","author":"Rhee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x","article-title":"The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression","volume":"4","author":"Falony","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanelian, A., Nankova, B., Miari, M., and Sabban, E.L. (2024). Microbial composition, functionality, and stress resilience or susceptibility: Unraveling sex-specific patterns. Biol. Sex Differ., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-024-00590-7"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2017.03.001","article-title":"Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Foster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00420-x","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"9","author":"Popova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butts, M., Sundaram, V.L., Murughiyan, U., Borthakur, A., and Singh, S. (2023). The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Intestinal Nutrient Absorption: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071571"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.12.019","article-title":"Stressful life events and alcohol consumption in pregnant women: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"71","author":"Esper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.007","article-title":"Cortisol secretion patterns in addiction and addiction risk","volume":"59","author":"Lovallo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, A.E., Hure, A.J., Kay-Lambkin, F.J., and Loxton, D.J. (2014). Women\u2019s perceptions of information about alcohol use during pregnancy: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1048"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-100102629","article-title":"\u201cIf it burns going down\u2026\u201d: How focus groups can shape fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) prevention","volume":"36","author":"Branco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17247","article-title":"Camel milk modulates ethanol-induced changes in the gut microbiome and transcriptome in a mouse model of acute alcoholic liver disease","volume":"103","author":"Ming","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Yan, J., Du, K., Liu, S., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Zhao, H., Li, M., Yan, D., and Zhang, R. (2023). Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis in alcohol-dependent patients and its effect on rat behaviors. mBio, 14.","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02392-23"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galley, J.D., Nelson, M.C., Yu, Z., Dowd, S.E., Walter, J., Kumar, P.S., Lyte, M., and Bailey, M.T. (2014). Exposure to a social stressor disrupts the community structure of the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota. BMC Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-189"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.02.005","article-title":"Acute and repeated exposure to social stress reduces gut microbiota diversity in Syrian hamsters","volume":"345","author":"Partrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Xie, T., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Zou, Z., and Bai, J. (2021). Impacts of Maternal Diet and Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy on Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiota. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030369"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeramilli, V., Cheddadi, R., Shah, J., Brawner, K., and Martin, C. (2023). A Review of the Impact of Maternal Prenatal Stress on Offspring Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13040535"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bodnar, T.S., Ainsworth-Cruickshank, G., Billy, V., Wegener Parfrey, L., Weinberg, J., and Raineki, C. (2024). Alcohol consumption during pregnancy differentially affects the fecal microbiota of dams and offspring. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64313-z"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","article-title":"Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg, E., and Zilber-Rosenberg, I. (2016). Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: The Hologenome Concept. mBio, 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01395-15"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, Y., and Borenstein, E. (2022). The microbiome\u2019s fiber degradation profile and its relationship with the host diet. BMC Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01461-6"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378","article-title":"How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system","volume":"352","author":"Gensollen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18646","article-title":"Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity","volume":"535","author":"Pedersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2217532120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217532120","article-title":"The microbiome stabilizes circadian rhythms in the gut","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar2016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar2016","article-title":"Microbiota and the social brain","volume":"366","author":"Sherwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.005","article-title":"Microbiota imbalance induced by dietary sugar disrupts immune-mediated protection from metabolic syndrome","volume":"185","author":"Kawano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35787-8","article-title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis drives metabolic dysfunction in Familial dysautonomia","volume":"14","author":"Cheney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.01.004","article-title":"Gut microbiota in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"328","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afroz, K.F., Reyes, N., Young, K., Parikh, K., Misra, V., and Alvi\u00f1a, K. (2021). Altered gut microbiome and autism like behavior are associated with parental high salt diet in male mice. Sci. Rep., 11, Erratum in Sci. Rep.\u00a02022, 12, 5686.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87678-x"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0126-x","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications","volume":"50","author":"Chelakkot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corfield, A.P. (2018). The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6030078"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goy052","article-title":"Fight them or feed them: How the intestinal mucus layer manages the gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Schroeder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12182","article-title":"The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system","volume":"260","author":"Pelaseyed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402300","article-title":"Porcine \u03b2-defensin 2 attenuates inflammation and mucosal lesions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis","volume":"194","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2546","article-title":"Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Bevins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.275","article-title":"Antigen sampling across epithelial barriers and induction of mucosal immune responses","volume":"14","author":"Neutra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/86373","article-title":"Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Rescigno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/35095573","article-title":"Man the barrier! Strategic defences in the intestinal mucosa","volume":"1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.011","article-title":"Retinoic acid imprints gut-homing specificity on T cells","volume":"21","author":"Iwata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2079","article-title":"Cutting edge: Gut microenvironment promotes differentiation of a unique memory CD8 T cell population","volume":"176","author":"Masopust","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.10.34","article-title":"Mucosal T cells in gut homeostasis and inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Cheroutre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030152","article-title":"Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25- naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00423.x","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress systemic and mucosal immune activation to control intestinal inflammation","volume":"212","author":"Izcue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081463","article-title":"Th17 cells and IL-17 receptor signaling are essential for mucosal host defense against oral candidiasis","volume":"206","author":"Conti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.009","article-title":"Differential roles of interleukin-17A and -17F in host defense against mucoepithelial bacterial infection and allergic responses","volume":"30","author":"Ishigame","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145697","article-title":"Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid","volume":"317","author":"Mucida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.01.001","article-title":"TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells","volume":"24","author":"Veldhoen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg5645","article-title":"A conserved Bacteroidetes antigen induces anti-inflammatory intestinal T lymphocytes","volume":"377","author":"Bousbaine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01587-x","article-title":"Short-term dietary changes can result in mucosal and systemic immune depression","volume":"24","author":"Siracusa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.7","article-title":"Dysbiosis and the immune system","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui, R., Makhlouf, Z., Alharbi, A.M., Alfahemi, H., and Khan, N.A. (2022). The Gut Microbiome and Female Health. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11111683"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui, R., Mungroo, M.R., Alharbi, A.M., Alfahemi, H., and Khan, N.A. (2022). The Use of Gut Microbial Modulation Strategies as Interventional Strategies for Ageing. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091869"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuesta, C.M., Guerri, C., Ure\u00f1a, J., and Pascual, M. (2021). Role of Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Gut-Brain Communication. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084235"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90012-G","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in insulin release and insulin resistance in nonobese pregnant women","volume":"165","author":"Catalano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)80011-1","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in basal hepatic glucose production and suppression during insulin infusion in normal pregnant women","volume":"167","author":"Catalano","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"579","article-title":"Maternal metabolic, immune, and microbial systems in late pregnancy vary with malnutrition in mice","volume":"98","author":"Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01121-x","article-title":"Evidence for maternal diet-mediated effects on the offspring microbiome and immunity: Implications for public health initiatives","volume":"89","author":"Mirpuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4889","article-title":"High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301057","article-title":"Parental dietary fat intake alters offspring microbiome and immunity","volume":"191","author":"Myles","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Bian, C., Luo, Z., Guille, C., Ogunrinde, E., Wu, J., Zhao, M., Fitting, S., Kamen, D.L., and Oates, J.C. (2019). Progesterone decreases gut permeability through upregulating occludin expression in primary human gut tissues and Caco-2 cells. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44448-0"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuriel-Ohayon, M., Neuman, H., and Koren, O. (2016). Microbial Changes during Pregnancy, Birth, and Infancy. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01031"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armistead, B., Kadam, L., Drewlo, S., and Kohan-Ghadr, H.R. (2020). The Role of NF\u03baB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051775"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90057-7","article-title":"A blocking factor in amniotic fluid causing leukocyte migration enhancement","volume":"133","author":"Gleicher","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"273","article-title":"Immunosuppressive activity of human amniotic fluid of normal and abnormal pregnancies","volume":"33","author":"Shohat","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06595.x","article-title":"The immunomodulatory activity of human amniotic fluid can be correlated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and beta 2 activity","volume":"97","author":"Lang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winters, A.D., Romero, R., Greenberg, J.M., Galaz, J., Shaffer, Z.D., Garcia-Flores, V., Kracht, D.J., Gomez-Lopez, N., and Theis, K.R. (2022). Does the Amniotic Fluid of Mice Contain a Viable Microbiota?. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.820366"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"237ra65","article-title":"The placenta harbors a unique microbiome","volume":"6","author":"Aagaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0761-3","article-title":"Viable bacterial colonization is highly limited in the human intestine in utero","volume":"26","author":"Rackaityte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2015.03.009","article-title":"Complementary seminovaginal microbiome in couples","volume":"166","author":"Punab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1602","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1602","article-title":"Characterisation of the human uterine microbiome in non-pregnant women through deep sequencing of the V1-2 region of the 16S rRNA gene","volume":"4","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6788","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05346-11","article-title":"Transmission of intestinal Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains from mother to infant, determined by multilocus sequencing typing and amplified fragment length polymorphism","volume":"77","author":"Makino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s101560200005","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological study of vertical transmission of vaginal Lactobacillus species from mothers to newborn infants in Japanese, by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction","volume":"8","author":"Matsumiya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.10.4506-4512.1999","article-title":"Distribution of bifidobacterial species in human intestinal microflora examined with 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific primers","volume":"65","author":"Matsuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, T., Brushett, S., Prins, J., and Zhernakova, A. (2023). The maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy and its role in maternal and infant health. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102309"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.3.534","article-title":"Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight","volume":"87","author":"Collado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.111237","article-title":"Distinct patterns of neonatal gut microflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing","volume":"107","author":"Kirjavainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03025.x","article-title":"Intestinal microflora in breastfed colicky and non-colicky infants","volume":"93","author":"Savino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.008","article-title":"Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy","volume":"150","author":"Koren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.075","article-title":"Progesterone Increases Bifidobacterium Relative Abundance during Late Pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Neuman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.08.011","article-title":"The gut microbial community in metabolic syndrome patients is modified by diet","volume":"27","author":"Haro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1997.0592","article-title":"Reconstructing the Evolution of Viviparity and Placentation","volume":"192","author":"Blackburn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton, G.J., and Fowden, A.L. (2015). The placenta: A multifaceted, transient organ. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 370.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0066"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-082908-150026","article-title":"Evolution of genomic imprinting: Insights from marsupials and monotremes","volume":"10","author":"Renfree","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112393","article-title":"Maternal diet alters long-term innate immune cell memory in fetal and juvenile hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in nonhuman primate offspring","volume":"42","author":"Nash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.06.005","article-title":"Mother-to-Infant Microbial Transmission from Different Body Sites Shapes the Developing Infant Gut Microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Ferretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02018077","article-title":"Antibodies in milk","volume":"1","author":"Telemo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad2571","article-title":"The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development","volume":"351","author":"Fuhrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322260","article-title":"Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: The expected slimy partners?","volume":"69","author":"Paone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Zhang, H., Shi, G., Zheng, X., Chang, J., Lin, Q., Tian, Z., and Yang, H. (2024). The impact of gut microbial signals on hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1338178"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutsch, A., Kantsj\u00f6, J.B., and Ronchi, F. (2020). The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.604179"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.035","article-title":"The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: An integrative view","volume":"148","author":"Clemente","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S188340","article-title":"Possible association of Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.06.013","article-title":"The role of the gut-brain axis in alcohol use disorders","volume":"65","author":"Gorky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X1304150831150507","article-title":"The Effects of Psychological Stress on Depression","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80194-0","article-title":"Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: A realistic animal model of depression","volume":"16","author":"Willner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshioka, T., Ohashi, M., Matsumoto, K., Omata, T., Hamano, T., Yamazaki, M., Kimiki, S., Okano, K., Kobayashi, R., and Yamada, D. (2022). Repeated psychological stress, chronic vicarious social defeat stress, evokes irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in mice. Front. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.993132"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00081-9","article-title":"Do psychosocial factors define symptom severity and patient status in irritable bowel syndrome?","volume":"107","author":"Drossman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011613","article-title":"Depression\u2019s Unholy Trinity: Dysregulated Stress, Immunity, and the Microbiome","volume":"71","author":"Rea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"414","article-title":"Prenatal stress alters bacterial colonization of the gut in infant monkeys","volume":"38","author":"Bailey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E538","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210016","article-title":"Innate immunity receptors in depression and suicide: Upregulated NOD-like receptors containing pyrin (NLRPs) and hyperactive inflammasomes in the postmortem brains of people who were depressed and died by suicide","volume":"46","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15584","article-title":"How environmental enrichment balances out neuroinflammation in chronic pain and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"179","author":"Kimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00634-6","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: Epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"19","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G7","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.1.G7","article-title":"Stress and gastrointestinal tract. II. Stress and intestinal barrier function","volume":"280","author":"Perdue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E190","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.220218","article-title":"Barrier-environment interactions along the gut-brain axis and their influence on cognition and behaviour throughout the lifespan","volume":"48","author":"Paton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1762-z","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and endothelial cell barrier function","volume":"355","author":"Salvador","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388","article-title":"Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice","volume":"558","author":"Sudo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodiya, H.B., Forsyth, C.B., Voigt, R.M., Engen, P.A., Patel, J., Shaikh, M., Green, S.J., Naqib, A., Roy, A., and Kordower, J.H. (2020). Chronic stress-induced gut dysfunction exacerbates Parkinson\u2019s disease phenotype and pathology in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol. Dis., 135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.12.012"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.075","article-title":"The Relationship between Intestinal Microbiota and the Central Nervous System in Normal Gastrointestinal Function and Disease","volume":"136","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01908.x","article-title":"In depression, bacterial translocation may drive inflammatory responses, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and autoimmune responses directed against O&NS-damaged neoepitopes","volume":"127","author":"Maes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2019.01.011","article-title":"Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: Human-bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition","volume":"28","author":"Madison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031958","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cells synthesize glucocorticoids and regulate T cell activation","volume":"200","author":"Cima","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2022.100356","article-title":"Cause or consequence? Understanding the role of cortisol in the increased inflammation observed in depression","volume":"24","author":"Sforzini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.10.017","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in mononuclear blood cells from patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"36","author":"Cordero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.04.028","article-title":"Antidepressants induce autophagy dependent-NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition in Major depressive disorder","volume":"121","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.6.686","article-title":"Role of interleukin 1 in inflammatory bowel disease\u2014Enhanced production during active disease","volume":"31","author":"Ligumsky","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01917-2","article-title":"Remodelling of the gut microbiota by hyperactive NLRP3 induces regulatory T cells to maintain homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.004","article-title":"Distinct Commensals Induce Interleukin-1\u03b2 via NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Monocytes to Promote Intestinal Inflammation in Response to Injury","volume":"42","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83842","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83842","article-title":"Endosomal trafficking of two-pore K+ efflux channel TWIK2 to plasmalemma mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory injury","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.46","article-title":"Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1328-9","article-title":"Reduced gut microbiome protects from alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and alters intestinal and brain inflammasome expression","volume":"15","author":"Lowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29791","article-title":"Chronically socially isolated mice exhibit depressive-like behavior regulated by the gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.10.003","article-title":"Behavioural and neurochemical consequences of chronic gut microbiota depletion during adulthood in the rat","volume":"339","author":"Hoban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.03.016","article-title":"Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.09.003","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Akkasheh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.102","article-title":"Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"266","author":"Sanada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.019","article-title":"Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat","volume":"82","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, P., Gao, M., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Tu, H., Lei, L., Wu, P., Zhang, A., Yang, C., and Li, G. (2022). Gut Microbiome Composition Linked to Inflammatory Factors and Cognitive Functions in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Front. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.800764"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.44","article-title":"Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host\u2019s metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32835bc703","article-title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"20","author":"Gershon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.105","article-title":"Serotonin signalling in the gut\u2014Functions, dysfunctions and therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Mawe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.12.017","article-title":"The new \u20185-HT\u2019 hypothesis of depression: Cell-mediated immune activation induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which leads to lower plasma tryptophan and an increased synthesis of detrimental tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), both of which contribute to the onset of depression","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.77","article-title":"The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner","volume":"18","author":"Clarke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.02.007","article-title":"Bacteroides species differentially modulate depression-like behavior via gut-brain metabolic signaling","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luki\u0107, I., Ivkovi\u0107, S., Miti\u0107, M., and Ad\u017ei\u0107, M. (2022). Tryptophan metabolites in depression: Modulation by gut microbiota. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.987697"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.10.017","article-title":"Inflammation and kynurenine pathway dysregulation in post-partum women with severe and suicidal depression","volume":"83","author":"Achtyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101932","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"83","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.02.003","article-title":"The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Staneva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(99)00058-6","article-title":"The triad of substance abuse, violence, and depression are interrelated in pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Horrigan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111","article-title":"A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"67","author":"Grote","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.06.010","article-title":"Maternal depression and psychiatric outcomes in adolescent offspring: A 13-year longitudinal study","volume":"97","author":"Halligan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.014","article-title":"Stressful Life Events During Pregnancy and Offspring Depression: Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"55","author":"Kingsbury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo, J.Y., Groer, M., Dutra, S.V.O., Sarkar, A., and McSkimming, D.I. (2020). Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions. Microorganisms, 8, Erratum in Microorganisms\u00a02020, 8, E2046.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8122046"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-023-00469-8","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of postpartum depression","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275777.121","article-title":"Efficient computation of Faith\u2019s phylogenetic diversity with applications in characterizing microbiomes","volume":"31","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.10.005","article-title":"Maternal anxiety, depression and stress affects offspring gut microbiome diversity and bifidobacterial abundances","volume":"107","author":"Galley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ja\u0161arevi\u0107, E., Howard, C.D., Misic, A.M., Beiting, D.P., and Bale, T.L. (2017). Stress during pregnancy alters temporal and spatial dynamics of the maternal and offspring microbiome in a sex-specific manner. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44182"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.01.006","article-title":"Maternal prenatal stress is associated with the infant intestinal microbiota","volume":"53","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000216539","article-title":"Prenatal stress and neurodevelopment of the child: Focus on the HPA axis and role of the placenta","volume":"31","author":"Glover","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.09.014","article-title":"Maternal prenatal anxiety and downregulation of placental 11beta-HSD2","volume":"37","author":"Freeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.08.018","article-title":"Inflammation: A Proposed Intermediary Between Maternal Stress and Offspring Neuropsychiatric Risk","volume":"85","author":"Hantsoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2019.43","article-title":"Association of maternal prenatal psychological stressors and distress with maternal and early infant faecal bacterial profile","volume":"32","author":"Botha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214835","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2023.2214835","article-title":"Maternal stress during the third trimester of pregnancy and the neonatal microbiome","volume":"36","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18871-1","article-title":"Health and disease markers correlate with gut microbiome composition across thousands of people","volume":"11","author":"Manor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad2602","article-title":"The ecology of the microbiome: Networks, competition, and stability","volume":"350","author":"Coyte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.06.002","article-title":"Prenatal stress-induced alterations in major physiological systems correlate with gut microbiota composition in adulthood","volume":"60","author":"Golubeva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.03.024","article-title":"Prevention of gut leakiness by a probiotic treatment leads to attenuated HPA response to an acute psychological stress in rats","volume":"37","author":"Durand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20961","article-title":"Prevention of TNBS-induced colitis by different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains is associated with an expansion of gammadeltaT and regulatory T cells of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes","volume":"15","author":"Roselli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.06.025","article-title":"Prenatal stress disrupts social behavior, cortical neurobiology and commensal microbes in adult male offspring","volume":"359","author":"Gur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coretti, L., Cristiano, C., Florio, E., Scala, G., Lama, A., Keller, S., Cuomo, M., Russo, R., Pero, R., and Paciello, O. (2017). Sex-related alterations of gut microbiota composition in the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45356"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Xie, R., Li, L., Jin, G., Zhou, B., Huang, H., Li, M., Yang, Y., Liu, X., and Cao, X. (2021). Prenatal Maternal Stress Exacerbates Experimental Colitis of Offspring in Adulthood. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.700995"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.024","article-title":"Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"155","author":"Hsiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Wang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Xie, P. (2023). Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: From pathogenesis to treatment. EBioMedicine, 90.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.105046","article-title":"A preliminary study of gut microbiome variation and HPA axis reactivity in healthy infants","volume":"124","author":"Rosin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ja\u0161arevi\u0107, E., and Bale, T.L. (2019). Prenatal and postnatal contributions of the maternal microbiome on offspring programming. Front. Neuroendocrinol., 55.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100797"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turroni, F., Peano, C., Pass, D.A., Foroni, E., Severgnini, M., Claesson, M.J., Kerr, C., Hourihane, J., Murray, D., and Fuligni, F. (2012). Diversity of bifidobacteria within the infant gut microbiota. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036957"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.08.002","article-title":"Human-Derived Bifidobacterium dentium Modulates the Mammalian Serotonergic System and Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"11","author":"Engevik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2023.21","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and reoccurrence of illness impact the gut microbiome, which affects suicidal behaviours and the phenome of major depression: Towards enterotypic phenotypes","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13331","article-title":"Influence of maternal microbiota during pregnancy on infant immunity","volume":"198","author":"Nyangahu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H.J., Bischoff, A., Galley, J.D., Peck, L., Bailey, M.T., and Gur, T.L. (2022). Discrete role for maternal stress and gut microbes in shaping maternal and offspring immunity. Neurobiol. Stress, 21.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100480"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietrzak, B., Tomela, K., Olejnik-Schmidt, A., Mackiewicz, A., and Schmidt, M. (2020). Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239254"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0182-5","article-title":"The maternal vaginal microbiome partially mediates the effects of prenatal stress on offspring gut and hypothalamus","volume":"21","author":"Howard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_172","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators (2018). Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 392, 1015\u20131035."},{"key":"ref_173","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100013","DOI":"10.1136\/egastro-2023-100013","article-title":"Alcohol-associated bowel disease: New insights into pathogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Maccioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"eGastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bull-Otterson, L., Feng, W., Kirpich, I., Wang, Y., Qin, X., Liu, Y., Gobejishvili, L., Joshi-Barve, S., Ayvaz, T., and Petrosino, J. (2013). Metagenomic analyses of alcohol induced pathogenic alterations in the intestinal microbiome and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053028"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liangpunsakul, S., Toh, E., Ross, R.A., Heathers, L.E., Chandler, K., Oshodi, A., McGee, B., Modlik, E., Linton, T., and Mangiacarne, D. (2017). Quantity of alcohol drinking positively correlates with serum levels of endotoxin and markers of monocyte activation. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04669-7"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.01.049","article-title":"Drunk bugs: Chronic vapour alcohol exposure induces marked changes in the gut microbiome in mice","volume":"323","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112196","article-title":"Meta-analysis of alcohol induced gut dysbiosis and the resulting behavioral impact","volume":"376","author":"Qamar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbia, C., Bastiaanssen, T.F.S., Iannone, L.F., Garc\u00eda-Cabrerizo, R., Boscaini, S., Berding, K., Strain, C.R., Clarke, G., Stanton, C., and Dinan, T.G. (2023). The Microbiome-Gut-Brain axis regulates social cognition & craving in young binge drinkers. EBioMedicine, 89.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104442"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubinkina, V.B., Tyakht, A.V., Odintsova, V.Y., Yarygin, K.S., Kovarsky, B.A., Pavlenko, A.V., Ischenko, D.S., Popenko, A.S., Alexeev, D.G., and Taraskina, A.Y. (2017). Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease. Microbiome, 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0359-2"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415174111","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity","volume":"111","author":"Leclercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313432","article-title":"Recovery of ethanol-induced Akkermansia muciniphila depletion ameliorates alcoholic liver disease","volume":"67","author":"Grander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Y., Li, L., Gong, C., Li, T., and Xia, Y. (2022). The diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with alcohol use disorder and its relationship to alcohol consumption and cognition. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1054685"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltazar-D\u00edaz, T.A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez, L.A., Aldana-Ledesma, J.M., Pe\u00f1a-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Vega-Maga\u00f1a, A.N., Zepeda-Morales, A.S.M., L\u00f3pez-Roa, R.I., Del Toro-Arreola, S., Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, E., and Salazar-Montes, A.M. (2022). Escherichia\/Shigella, SCFAs, and Metabolic Pathways-The Triad That Orchestrates Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients with Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis from Western Mexico. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061231"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis: A possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"33","author":"Mutlu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, F., Wei, J., Shen, M., Ding, Y., Lu, Y., Ishaq, H.M., Li, D., Yan, D., Wang, Q., and Zhang, R. (2021). Integrated Analyses of the Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, and Serum Metabolome Phenotype in Rats with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 87.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00834-21"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G., Liu, Q., Guo, L., Zeng, H., Ding, C., Zhang, W., Xu, D., Wang, X., Qiu, J., and Dong, Q. (2018). Gut Microbiota and Relevant Metabolites Analysis in Alcohol Dependent Mice. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01874"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1469","article-title":"Chronic alcohol exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and its correlations with neuropsychic behaviors and brain BDNF\/Gabra1 changes in mice","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.01.021","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulates alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety in mice","volume":"287","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzatti, G., Lopetuso, L.R., Gibiino, G., Binda, C., and Gasbarrini, A. (2017). Proteobacteria: A Common Factor in Human Diseases. BioMed Res. Int., 2017.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9351507"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuesta, C.M., Pascual, M., P\u00e9rez-Moraga, R., Rodr\u00edguez-Navarro, I., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, F., Ure\u00f1a-Peralta, J.R., and Guerri, C. (2021). TLR4 Deficiency Affects the Microbiome and Reduces Intestinal Dysfunctions and Inflammation in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312830"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00138-0","article-title":"Ethanol stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species at mitochondrial complexes I and III","volume":"27","author":"Bailey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuruya, A., Kuwahara, A., Saito, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Tsubo, T., Suga, S., Inai, M., Aoki, Y., Takahashi, S., and Tsutsumi, E. (2016). Ecophysiological consequences of alcoholism on human gut microbiota: Implications for ethanol-related pathogenesis of colon cancer. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27923"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27224","article-title":"Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function","volume":"121","author":"Madsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304833","article-title":"A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"63","author":"Machiels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1519","article-title":"Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases","volume":"17","author":"Canani","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, H., Yu, C., Zhang, C., Ren, Y., Guo, L., Wang, T., Chen, F., Li, Y., Zhang, X., and Wang, H. (2023). Butyrate ameliorates chronic alcoholic central nervous damage by suppressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and modulating the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Biomed. Pharmacother., 160.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114308"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.179549","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids activate AMP-Activated protein kinase and ameliorate ethanol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"143","author":"Elamin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvz039","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz039","article-title":"Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, LPS Translocation, and Disease Development","volume":"4","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946367","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1946367","article-title":"Decrease in acetyl-CoA pathway utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria is a key pathogenic feature of alcohol-induced functional gut microbial dysbiosis and development of liver disease in mice","volume":"13","author":"Singhal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108238","article-title":"Gut Microbiota-Induced Changes in \u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Metabolism Are Linked to Altered Sociability and Depression in Alcohol Use Disorder","volume":"33","author":"Leclercq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1580097","article-title":"Characterization of gut microbiota composition and functions in patients with chronic alcohol overconsumption","volume":"10","author":"Aanes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015","article-title":"Alcohol, microbiome, and their effect on psychiatric disorders","volume":"85","author":"Hillemacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day, A.W., and Kumamoto, C.A. (2022). Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Alcoholism: Consequences for Health and Recovery. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.840164"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8448-5","article-title":"Effects of concentration of corn distillers dried grains with solubles and enzyme supplementation on cecal microbiota and performance in broiler chickens","volume":"101","author":"Abudabos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Chia, N., Kalari, K.R., Yao, J.Z., Novotna, M., Paz Soldan, M.M., Luckey, D.H., Marietta, E.V., Jeraldo, P.R., and Chen, X. (2016). Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28484"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01748.x","article-title":"Ethanol consumption and serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor function in heterozygous BDNF (+\/\u2212) mice","volume":"85","author":"Hensler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68010121.x","article-title":"Chronic ethanol administration regulates the expression of GABAA receptor alpha 1 and alpha 5 subunits in the ventral tegmental area and hippocampus","volume":"68","author":"Charlton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.115924","article-title":"AMPAkine CX516 alleviated chronic ethanol exposure-induced neurodegeneration and depressive-like behavior in mice","volume":"439","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01841-y","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates chronic ethanol exposure-induced depressive-like behavior through hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation","volume":"28","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Wang, J., Wang, M., Zheng, L., Cen, Q., Wang, F., Zhu, L., Pang, R., and Zhang, A. (2023). Bifidobacterium: A probiotic for the prevention and treatment of depression. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1174800"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12900","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900491RR","article-title":"Changes in brain kynurenine levels via gut microbiota and gut-barrier disruption induced by chronic ethanol exposure in mice","volume":"33","author":"Caso","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Chen, L.M., Kumar, G., Zhang, S.J., Zhong, Q.H., Zhang, H.Y., Gui, G., Wu, L.L., Fan, H.Z., and Sheng, J.W. (2022). Therapeutic Interventions of Gut-Brain Axis as Novel Strategies for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder Associated Cognitive and Mood Dysfunction. Front. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.820106"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212659","article-title":"Alcohol-induced IL-1\u03b2 in the brain is mediated by NLRP3\/ASC inflammasome activation that amplifies neuroinflammation","volume":"94","author":"Lippai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0976-10.2010","article-title":"Pivotal role of TLR4 receptors in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage","volume":"30","author":"Blanco","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.01.021","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in the depressed and suicide brain","volume":"53","author":"Pandey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"163","article-title":"Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Bishehsari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol. Res."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000371678","article-title":"Gut microbiota, cirrhosis, and alcohol regulate bile acid metabolism in the gut","volume":"33","author":"Ridlon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"170","article-title":"The hormonal effects of alcohol use on the mother and fetus","volume":"22","author":"Gabriel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol. Health Res. World"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.08.020","article-title":"Maternal alcohol consumption and risk of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"213","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6437a3","article-title":"Alcohol use and binge drinking among women of childbearing age\u2014United States, 2011\u20132013","volume":"64","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.09.011","article-title":"Drinking During Pregnancy and the Developing Brain: Is Any Amount Safe?","volume":"20","author":"Charness","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.69","article-title":"Animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Impact of the social environment","volume":"15","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2013.12.001","article-title":"Effects of one- and three-day binge alcohol exposure in neonatal C57BL\/6 mice on spatial learning and memory in adolescence and adulthood","volume":"48","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.05.034","article-title":"Maternal alcohol binge drinking induces persistent neuroinflammation associated with myelin damage and behavioural dysfunctions in offspring mice","volume":"123","author":"Cantacorps","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.10.006","article-title":"Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors are accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Protective effects of voluntary physical exercise","volume":"62","author":"Brocardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04654.x","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and depressive features in children","volume":"24","author":"Kasari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14784","article-title":"Evidence for long-lasting alterations in the fecal microbiota following prenatal alcohol exposure","volume":"46","author":"Bodnar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01803.x","article-title":"Distinct microbial populations exist in the mucosa-associated microbiota of sub-groups of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Parkes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13471","article-title":"Alterations of gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Hu, G., Zhu, L., Sun, Z., Jiang, Y., Gao, M.J., and Zhan, X. (2021). Study of growth, metabolism, and morphology of Akkermansia muciniphila with an in vitro advanced bionic intestinal reactor. BMC Microbiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02111-7"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0130","article-title":"Roseburia spp.: A marker of health?","volume":"12","author":"Smida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01038-3","article-title":"Associations between disordered gut microbiota and changes of neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids in depressed mice","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virdee, M.S., Saini, N., Kay, C.D., Neilson, A.P., Kwan, S.T.C., Helfrich, K.K., Mooney, S.M., and Smith, S.M. (2021). An enriched biosignature of gut microbiota-dependent metabolites characterizes maternal plasma in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80093-8"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4581","article-title":"Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: Structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases","volume":"18","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1048","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.15","article-title":"The link between inflammation, bugs, the intestine and the brain in alcohol dependence","volume":"7","author":"Leclercq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0918-2","article-title":"TLR4 response mediates ethanol-induced neurodevelopment alterations in a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"14","author":"Pascual","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.08.207","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol-induced sex differences in immune, metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes in adult rats","volume":"98","author":"Bake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000114980.40445.83","article-title":"Transfer of inflammatory cytokines across the placenta","volume":"103","author":"Zaretsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.57","article-title":"Maternal inflammation modulates infant immune response patterns to viral lung challenge in a murine model","volume":"76","author":"Gleditsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2174\/157339510791823835","article-title":"The concept of depression as a dysfunction of the immune system","volume":"6","author":"Leonard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.11.1032","article-title":"Maternal infections and subsequent psychosis among offspring","volume":"58","author":"Buka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.08.015","article-title":"Maternal infection during late pregnancy increases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors with increasing age in male offspring","volume":"87","author":"Enayati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02065-y","article-title":"Maternal immune activation and adolescent alcohol exposure increase alcohol drinking and disrupt cortical-striatal-hippocampal oscillations in adult offspring","volume":"12","author":"Henricks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.011","article-title":"Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome","volume":"17","author":"Sampson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv019","article-title":"Microbiota and the Gut\u2013Brain Axis","volume":"73","author":"Bienenstock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u0142ynarska, E., Gadzinowska, J., Tokarek, J., Forycka, J., Szuman, A., Franczyk, B., and Rysz, J. (2022). The Role of the Microbiome-Brain-Gut Axis in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091921"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/18\/9776\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:52:48Z","timestamp":1760111568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/18\/9776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"references-count":248,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms25189776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25189776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]}}}