{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:37Z","timestamp":1760146057945,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K07593","22K08581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K07593","22K08581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Asahi Kasei Medical Co., LTD.","award":["19K07593","22K08581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K07593","22K08581"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Host restriction factor GBP2 suppresses the replication of the ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus (E-MLV) by inhibiting furin protease, which cleaves the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) into surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) subunits. We analyzed the impacts of GBP2 on the infection efficiency mediated by MLV Envs of different strains of ecotropic Moloney, polytropic Friend, amphotropic, and xenotropic MLV-related (XMRV) viruses. Interestingly, the Envs of ecotropic Moloney and polytropic Friend MLV were sensitive to the antiviral activity of GBP2, while XMRV and amphotropic Envs showed resistance. Consistent with the sensitivity to GBP2, the amino acid sequences of the sensitive Envs at the SU-TM cleavage site were similar, as were the sequences of the resistant Envs. SU-TM cleavage of the GBP2-sensitive Env protein was inhibited by furin silencing, whereas that of GBP2-resistant Env was not. The substitution of the ecotropic Moloney cleavage site sequence with that of XMRV conferred resistance to both GBP2 and furin silencing. Reciprocally, the substitution of the XMRV cleavage site sequence with that of the ecotropic sequence conferred sensitivity to GBP2 and furin silencing. According to the SU-TM cleavage site sequence, there were sensitive and resistant variants among ecotropic, polytropic, and xenotropic MLVs. This study found that the dependence of MLV Env proteins on furin cleavage and GBP2-mediated restriction is determined by the amino acid sequences at the SU-TM cleavage site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T01:52:31Z","timestamp":1726624351000},"page":"9987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Furin Protease Dependence and Antiviral GBP2 Sensitivity of Murine Leukemia Virus Infection Are Determined by the Amino Acid Sequence at the Envelope Glycoprotein Cleavage Site"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6592-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinao","family":"Kubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical Medicine and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5553-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manya Bakatumana","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical Medicine and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4585-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Research Administration, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2159","article-title":"Friend virus-induced erythroleukemias: A unique and well-defined mouse model for the development of leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anticancer. 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