{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T05:17:27Z","timestamp":1791955047324,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2023JJ30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30429"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["kq2202251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2202251"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["S202410542224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202410542224"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["CX20240503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240503"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["20A333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A333"]}]},{"name":"Changsha City Natural Science Foundation","award":["2023JJ30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30429"]}]},{"name":"Changsha City Natural Science Foundation","award":["kq2202251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2202251"]}]},{"name":"Changsha City Natural Science Foundation","award":["S202410542224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202410542224"]}]},{"name":"Changsha City Natural Science Foundation","award":["CX20240503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240503"]}]},{"name":"Changsha City Natural Science Foundation","award":["20A333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A333"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Normal University Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Project and Entrepreneurship Program","award":["2023JJ30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30429"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Normal University Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Project and Entrepreneurship Program","award":["kq2202251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2202251"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Normal University Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Project and Entrepreneurship Program","award":["S202410542224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202410542224"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Normal University Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Project and Entrepreneurship Program","award":["CX20240503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240503"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Normal University Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Project and Entrepreneurship Program","award":["20A333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A333"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2023JJ30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30429"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["kq2202251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2202251"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["S202410542224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202410542224"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20240503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240503"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["20A333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A333"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["2023JJ30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30429"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["kq2202251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq2202251"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["S202410542224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202410542224"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["CX20240503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240503"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["20A333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) causes a decline in skeletal muscle function, which can further exacerbate the cognitive dysfunction of patients with AD. It has been widely established that exercise improves AD brain pathology, but the role of skeletal muscle in AD is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on the exercise ability of APP\/PS1 transgenic AD mice and explored potential gene expression changes in their skeletal muscle. The APP\/PS1 mice were subjected to a treadmill exercise for 12 weeks, followed by the Morris water maze and the open field test. After behavioral experiments, the changes in morphology, area, collagen fiber deposition, and ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle were determined; the balance of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and decomposition was analyzed; and changes in gene expression were investigated using RNA-Seq. We found that this exercise strategy can promote the learning and memory abilities of AD mice, reduce their anxiety-like behavior, improve their exercise ability, alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy, and optimize the microstructure. It can also enhance skeletal muscle protein synthesis and decomposition and improve several signaling pathways, such as the JAK\u2013STAT, Wnt, and NOD-like receptors while decreasing calcium, cAMP, cGMP\u2013PKG, and other signaling pathways. Six KEGG enrichment signaling pathways were downregulated and five signaling pathways were upregulated in the AD mice compared with wild-type mice, and these pathways were precisely reversed after the treadmill exercise. The expression of transcription factors such as Fosb and Egr1 in the skeletal muscle of AD mice decreased, followed by a decrease in the regulated target genes Socs1, Srrm4, and Il1b, a trend that was reversed following the exercise intervention. After exercise, AD mice exhibited a similar gene expression to that of wild-type mice, indicating enhanced exercise ability. The potential regulatory pathways and related genes identified in this study provide valuable insights for the clinical management and treatment of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1727168057000},"page":"10244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Potential Related Genes and Mechanisms Involved in Improving the Treadmill Exercise Ability of APP\/PS1 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingzhe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changfa","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5641-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z","article-title":"New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias","volume":"54","author":"Bellenguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100751","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100751","article-title":"The China Alzheimer Report 2022","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l6217","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6217","article-title":"Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Clinical management and prevention","volume":"367","author":"Joe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00985-x","article-title":"A deep learning MRI approach outperforms other biomarkers of prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12717","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c04687","article-title":"Sesamol Attenuates Amyloid Peptide Accumulation and Cognitive Deficits in APP\/PS1 Mice: The Mediating Role of the Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J.Y., Baek, S.E., Yoon, J.W., Kim, H.S., Kwon, Y., and Yeom, E. (2024). Nesfatin-1 ameliorates pathological abnormalities in Drosophila hTau model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 727.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150311"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205432","article-title":"Treadmill exercise can regulate the redox balance in the livers of APP\/PS1 mice and reduce LPS accumulation in their brains through the gut-liver-kupffer cell axis","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12787","article-title":"Longitudinal association of sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment among older Mexican adults","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13081","article-title":"Sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment among elderly adults: The first longitudinal evidence from CHARLS","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zqad066","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqad066","article-title":"Neuromuscular Dysfunction Precedes Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Brisendine","year":"2024","journal-title":"Function"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun, L., Robinson, M., Geetha, T., Broderick, T.L., and Babu, J.R. (2023). Prevalence and Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Metabolic Conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032973"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13482","article-title":"Accelerated sarcopenia precedes learning and memory impairments in the P301S mouse model of tauopathies and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Longo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H., and Lim, Y. (2022). The Potential Role of Myokines\/Hepatokines in the Progression of Neuronal Damage in Streptozotocin and High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071521"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"76","article-title":"Does the regulation of skeletal muscle influence cognitive function? A scoping review of pre-clinical evidence","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., Hua, Y., and Bai, Y. (Rev. Neurosci., 2024). A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Mechanisms and clinical studies, Rev. Neurosci., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2024-0046"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102356","article-title":"Does resistance training in older adults lead to structural brain changes associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer\u2019s dementia? A narrative review","volume":"98","author":"Nicola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"e52434","article-title":"Use of the Open Field Maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice","volume":"96","author":"Seibenhener","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: Implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe, K. (Neurosci. Res., 2024). Dynamic Activity Changes in Transcription Factors: Unlocking the Mechanisms Regulating Physiological Changes in the Brain, Neurosci. Res., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.08.001"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0216","article-title":"Physical Exercise Counteracts Aging-Associated White Matter Demyelination Causing Cognitive Decline","volume":"15","author":"Butt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6950","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03492-8","article-title":"Exercise Reshapes the Brain: Molecular, Cellular, and Structural Changes Associated with Cognitive Improvements","volume":"60","author":"Arrifano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamasaki, T. (2023). Preventive Strategies for Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Benefits of Aerobic Physical Activity, Especially Open-Skill Exercise. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13030521"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13813","article-title":"Anxiety in Alzheimer\u2019s disease rats is independent of memory and impacted by genotype, age, sex, and exercise","volume":"20","author":"Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01085-6","article-title":"Dramatic impacts on brain pathology, anxiety, and cognitive function in the knock-in APP(NL-G-F) mouse model of Alzheimer disease following long-term voluntary exercise","volume":"14","author":"Mehla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12238","article-title":"Skeletal muscle performance and ageing","volume":"9","author":"Tieland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00234.2024","article-title":"Hindlimb immobilization induces insulin resistance and elevates mitochondrial ROS production in the hippocampus of female rats","volume":"137","author":"Kerr","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"534","article-title":"Cognitive impairment is associated with sarcopenia mainly related to attention and calculation in hospitalized Chinese elderly men","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"859","article-title":"Associations of Sarcopenia, Handgrip Strength and Calf Circumference with Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15472","article-title":"Triptolide prevents LPS-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via inhibiting NF-kappaB\/TNF-alpha and regulating protein synthesis\/degradation pathway","volume":"178","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86522","article-title":"Insulin and IGF-1 receptors regulate FoxO-mediated signaling in muscle proteostasis","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Ludovico, A., La Bella, S., Ciarelli, F., Chiarelli, F., Breda, L., and Mohn, A. (J. Ultrasound, 2024). Skeletal muscle as a pro- and anti-inflammatory tissue: Insights from children to adults and ultrasound findings, J. Ultrasound, ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-024-00917-5"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04127-5","article-title":"IL-27 signalling promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditure","volume":"600","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200619","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease is type 3 diabetes-evidence reviewed","volume":"2","author":"Wands","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Cerdan, A., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M.R., Soler-Saez, I., De La Iglesia-Vaya, M., Mikozami, A., Guerini, F.R., and Garcia-Garcia, F. (2024). An integrated approach to identifying sex-specific genes, transcription factors, and pathways relevant to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol. Dis., 199.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106605"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.06.040","article-title":"DeltaFosB Regulates Gene Expression and Cognitive Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"20","author":"Corbett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.04.018","article-title":"Inhibition of Early Growth Response 1 in the Hippocampus Alleviates Neuropathology and Improves Cognition in an Alzheimer Model with Plaques and Tangles","volume":"187","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12830","article-title":"Skeletal muscle atrophy-induced hemopexin accelerates onset of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Nagase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz005","article-title":"The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"41","author":"Vegeto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zalewska, T., Pawelec, P., Ziabska, K., and Ziemka-Nalecz, M. (2022). Sexual Dimorphism in Neurodegenerative Diseases and in Brain Ischemia. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010026"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122042","article-title":"Aerobic exercise regulates GPR81 signal pathway and mediates complement- microglia axis homeostasis on synaptic protection in the early stage of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"331","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Yang, J., Jian, Y., Lei, Y., Yao, S., Hu, Z., Liu, X., Tang, C., and Liu, W. (2022). Treadmill Exercise Modulates Intestinal Microbes and Suppresses LPS Displacement to Alleviate Neuroinflammation in the Brains of APP\/PS1 Mice. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194134"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jian, Y., Yuan, S., Yang, J., Lei, Y., Li, X., and Liu, W. (2022). Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Abnormal Autophagy in Brain Cells of APP\/PS1 Mice by Upregulating AdipoR1 Levels. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179921"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch, N., Arnold, A.S., Item, F., Summermatter, S., Brochmann Santana Santos, G., Christe, M., Boutellier, U., Toigo, M., and Handschin, C. (2010). Electric pulse stimulation of cultured murine muscle cells reproduces gene expression changes of trained mouse muscle. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010970"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5876","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801754RR","article-title":"Fndc5 loss-of-function attenuates exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue in mice","volume":"33","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10244\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:01:24Z","timestamp":1760112084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms251910244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251910244","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]}}}