{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T21:42:35Z","timestamp":1763415755428,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Addis Ababa University","award":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","award":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"]}]},{"name":"project SLOSEQ Consolidation and Integration of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) into Routine Surveillance in Slovenia","award":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"]}]},{"name":"Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency","award":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0092","P1-0198","P3-0083","101112671"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is the major cause of diarrheal diseases in Africa, including Ethiopia. However, the genetic diversity of E. coli pathotypes found in Ethiopia has not been studied well. This study aimed to characterize potential DEC belonging to enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and enteroinvasive (EIEC) E. coli pathotypes from stool specimens of patients attending primary healthcare units (n = 260) in Addis Ababa and Hossana using whole-genome sequencing. Real-time PCR assays were used to identify DEC isolates belonging to EPEC, STEC, EAEC, ETEC, and EIEC pathotypes, which were then subjected to whole-genome sequencing on the Illumina platform. Twenty-four whole-genome nucleotide sequences of DEC strains with good enough quality were analyzed for virulence-associated genes (VAGs), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), phylogenetic groups, serogroups, and sequence types. The majority (62.5%) of DEC isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group B1. The identified DEC isolates belonged to 21 different serogroups and 17 different sequence types. All tested DEC isolates carried multiple VAGs and ARGs. The findings highlight the high diversity in the population structure of the studied DEC isolates, which is important for designing targeted interventions to reduce the diarrheal burden in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1727168057000},"page":"10251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Stool Specimens Collected from Patients Attending Primary Healthcare Facilities in Ethiopia: Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Molecular Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deneke","family":"Wolde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana P.O. Box 667, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadesse","family":"Eguale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Ohio State Global One Heath, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girmay","family":"Medhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aklilu Feleke","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8012-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haile","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3183-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adane","family":"Mihret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateja","family":"Pirs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Stra\u0161ek Smrdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2107-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Avber\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darja","family":"Ku\u0161ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4053-5590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tja\u0161a","family":"Cerar Ki\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tea","family":"Janko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6819-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Steyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjanca","family":"Star\u010di\u010d Erjavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Erjavec, M.S. 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