{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:26:29Z","timestamp":1760145989518,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021-EGA-24","TKP2021-EGA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-24","TKP2021-EGA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are among the most common malignancies in men worldwide. Nevertheless, their clinical management is hampered by the limited availability of reliable predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms contribute to major cellular processes. However, their potential role in HNSCC has not been studied systematically, which is the focus of this study. A total of 63 therapy-naive patients with squamous cell carcinoma were consecutively enrolled. Tissue microarray duplicate cores from each case were tested in situ for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 expression using immunohistochemistry, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. We found a high frequency of PKD1\/PKD2 positive cases in oropharyngeal and PKD2 positive cases in laryngeal localizations. Only high PKD2 levels were statistically linked to elevated tumor grades, more advanced TNM (3\u20134) tumor stages, and p16INK4a expression, while elevated PKD3 levels were associated with favorable disease-specific survival. Both PKD2 and PKD3 have been proposed to promote tumor cell proliferation, migration\/invasion, and angiogenesis. However, the role of PKD3 was elusive in some cancers. Our findings suggest that testing for PKD isotypes with immunohistochemistry may support the diagnostic estimation of tumor progression and prognosis in HNSCC with a potential therapeutic relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T10:41:47Z","timestamp":1727174507000},"page":"10274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential Prognostic Role of Protein Kinase D Isoforms in Head and Neck Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5635-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianka","family":"Gurbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korn\u00e9l","family":"D\u00e1nos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ede","family":"Birtalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9164-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Kren\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Borb\u00e1la","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Tam\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Csala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00224-3","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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