{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:28:16Z","timestamp":1785803296349,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) program \u201cDepartments of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, Aging Project\u2014Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromogranin B (CgB) is involved in the control of the cardiovascular system through the regulation of catecholamine release. Whether CgB can exert direct actions on the endothelium has not yet been clarified. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of CgB on cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) release, and the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under both physiological and peroxidative conditions. In HUVECs, experiments were conducted to establish the proper concentration and timing of CgB stimulation. Thereafter, specific assays were used to evaluate the response of HUVECs cultured in physiologic or oxidative stress conditions to CgB in the presence or absence of \u03b2-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists and intracellular pathways blockers. Analysis of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and NO release revealed that CgB was able to cause increased effects in HUVECs cultured in physiological conditions. Additionally, the same analyses performed in HUVECs cultured with H2O2, showed protective effects exerted by CgB, which was also able to counteract ROS release and maintain GSH levels. Furthermore, CgB played a dual role on the [Ca2+]c depending on the physiological or peroxidative cell culturing conditions. In conclusion, our data provide new information about the direct role of CgB in the physiological regulation of endothelial function and highlight its potential as a protective agent against peroxidative conditions, such as those found in cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1727236884000},"page":"10296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chromogranin B Protects Human Umbilical Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Grossini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakthipriyan","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mostafa","family":"Ola Pour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Surico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4625-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Vaschetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cantaluppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Pirisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-2027-6","article-title":"Chromogranins: From discovery to current times","volume":"470","author":"Helle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pflug. 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