{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:26:49Z","timestamp":1772785609614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although fine dust is linked to numerous health issues, including cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and cancerous diseases, research on its effects on oral health remains limited. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of mature hemp stem extract-induced exosomes (MSEIEs) on periodontal cells exposed to fine dust. Using various methods, including microRNA profiling, PCR, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and Alizarin O staining, we found that MSE treatment upregulated key microRNAs, such as hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-1301-3p, and hsa-let-7e-5p, associated with vital biological functions. MSEIEs exhibited three primary protective functions: suppressing inflammatory genes while activating anti-inflammatory ones, promoting the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) into osteoblasts and other cells, and regulating LL-37 and MCP-1 expression. These findings suggest that MSEIEs have potential as functional biomaterials for applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1727323546000},"page":"10331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functions of Hemp-Induced Exosomes against Periodontal Deterioration Caused by Fine Dust"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eunhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoonjin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Hemp Technology, Andong Science College, Andong 36616, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihae","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Hygiene, Andong Science College, Andong 36616, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EVERBIO, 131, Jukhyeon-gil, Gwanghyewon-myeon, Jincheon-gun 27809, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.08.013","article-title":"Adverse effects of exposure to fine particles and ultrafine particles in the environment on different organs of organisms","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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