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The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of protective effect against adriamycin (ADM)-induced mpc5 cell injury of Chinese cordyceps aqueous extracts (WCCs) by a systematic transcriptomic analysis. The phytochemicals of WCCs were analyzed via the \u201cphenol\u2013sulfuric acid method\u201d, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC\u2013mass spectrometry (MS). We analyzed the drug-reaction transcriptome profiles of mpc5 cell after treating them with WCCs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that WCCs alleviated ADM-induced mpc5 cell injury via restoring the expression of certain genes to normal level mainly in the one-carbon pool by the folate pathway, followed by the relaxin, apelin, PI3K-Akt, and nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, enhancing DNA synthesis and repair, cell proliferation, fibrosis reduction, and immune regulation. Otherwise, WCCs also modulated the proliferation and survival of the mpc5 cell by regulating metabolic pathways, and partially restores the expression of genes related to human disease pathways. These findings provide an innovative understanding of the molecular mechanism of the protective effect of WCCs on ADM-induced mpc5 cell injury at the molecular transcription level, and Mthfd2, Dhfr, Atf4, Creb5, Apln, and Serpine1, etc., may be potential novel targets for treating nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1727333752000},"page":"10352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Cordyceps Aqueous Extracts Protective Effect against Adriamycin-Induced mpc5 Cell Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hailin","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchen","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanyue","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Industrial Analysis and Testing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1829-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richou","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx189","article-title":"Glomerular disease frequencies by race, sex and region: Results from the International Kidney Biopsy Survey","volume":"33","author":"Hogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol. 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