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These cells exhibit phenotypic switching from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) states during muscle repair, influencing myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myofiber formation. In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), asynchronous muscle injuries disrupt the normal temporal stages of regeneration, leading to fibrosis and failed regeneration. Altered macrophage activity is associated with DMD progression and physiopathology. Gaining insight into the intricate relationship between macrophages and muscle cells is crucial for creating effective therapies aimed at treating this muscle disorder. This review explores the dynamic functions of macrophages in muscle regeneration and their implications in DMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1727408653000},"page":"10393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Macrophages in the Context of Muscle Regeneration and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1343-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Hernandez-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Matias-Valiente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Alzas-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia Eva","family":"Aranega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12034","article-title":"Macrophage Biology in Development, Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"496","author":"Wynn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.03.017","article-title":"Development and Function of Tissue Resident Macrophages in Mice","volume":"27","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. 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