{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:07Z","timestamp":1787028547922,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HR20C0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR20C0026"]}]},{"name":"Asan Cancer Institute of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","award":["HR20C0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR20C0026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acral melanoma (AM) is a subtype of cutaneous melanoma located on the palms, soles, and nails. The pathogenesis of AM involves mechanical stimulation and characteristic tumor-promoting mutations, such as those in the KIT proto-oncogene. Dermoscopy is useful for diagnosing AM, which is characterized by parallel ridge patterns and irregular diffuse pigmentation. Although histopathological confirmation is the gold standard for diagnosing AM, lesions showing minimal histopathological changes should be considered early-stage AM if they clinically resemble it. Recently, immunohistochemical staining of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma has been recognized as a useful method to distinguish benign from malignant melanocytic tumors. Research reveals that AM is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by increased numbers of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells, alongside a decreased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Mohs micrographic surgery or digit-sparing wide local excision has been explored to improve quality of life and replace wide local excision or proximal amputation. AM has a worse prognosis than other subtypes, even in the early stages, indicating its inherent aggressiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:10:27Z","timestamp":1727417427000},"page":"10414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Narrative Review of the Evolution of Diagnostic Techniques and Treatment Strategies for Acral Lentiginous Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7514-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3432-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Min","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Seo","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1997-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong Hyun","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-007-0751-1","article-title":"Statistical profiles of malignant melanoma and other skin cancers in Japan: 2007 update","volume":"13","author":"Ishihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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