{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:00:15Z","timestamp":1793750415578,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YM 04\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YM 04\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRUL02\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRUL02\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM01\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM01\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress triggered by testicular torsion and detorsion in young males could negatively impact future fertility. Using a rat animal model for testicular IRI (tIRI), we aim to study the induction of autophagy (ATG) during testicular ischemia and tIRI and the role of oxidative-stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) as a cytoprotective mechanism. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham, ischemia only, ischemia+SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), tIRI only, and tIRI+SP600125. The tIRI rats underwent an ischemic injury for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion, while ischemic rats were subjected to 1 h of ischemia only without reperfusion. Testicular-ischemia-induced Beclin 1 and LC3B expression was associated with decreased p62\/SQSTM1 expression, increased ATP and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and slightly impaired spermatogenesis. SP600125 treatment improved p62 expression and reduced the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3B but did not affect ATP or AP levels. The tIRI-induced apoptosis lowered the expression of the three ATG proteins and AP activity, activated caspase 3, and caused spermatogenic arrest. SP600125-inhibited JNK during tIRI restored sham levels to all investigated parameters. This study emphasizes the regulatory role of JNK in balancing autophagy and apoptosis during testicular oxidative injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T11:19:33Z","timestamp":1727435973000},"page":"10446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Supports Autophagy in Testicular Ischemia but Triggers Apoptosis in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4845-3860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9024-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed M.","family":"Renno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8927-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May","family":"Al-Maghrebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Q., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., and Yuan, L. 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