{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T04:09:37Z","timestamp":1774498177343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32071722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071722"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The preparation of traditional wood-based panels mostly uses adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin, which not only consumes petrochemical resources but also releases formaldehyde, posing potential health risks to the human body. Lignin, a natural adhesive in plant cells, is characterized by high reactivity, and it is expected to aid in the development of a new generation of green formaldehyde-free adhesives. However, current studies of lignin adhesives have revealed that while strides have been made in reducing formaldehyde emissions, its residual presence remains a concern, an issue which is compounded by inadequate water resistance. Dehydrogenated Polymer (DHP) has a lignin-like structure and good water resistance, offering a new option for the development of formaldehyde-free adhesives. In this paper, DHP and glucuronic acid were reacted with each other in a simulated hot-pressing environment to obtain DHP-glucuronic acid complex, and then the structure of the complex was characterized by infrared nuclear magnetic resonance to verify whether DHP can be efficiently connected with hemicellulose components under hot-pressing conditions. The results showed that the thermal condensation reaction of DHP and glucuronic acid can generate ester bonds at the C\u03b1 position in a simulated hot-pressing environment. This paper explores the thermal condensation mechanism of DHP and glucuronic acid, which is helpful for understanding the bonding process between adhesives and components of wood-based panels in the hot-pressing process, and provides key theoretical support for the design of more sustainable lignin adhesives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:45:27Z","timestamp":1727675127000},"page":"10533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study on the Thermal Condensation Mechanism of Dehydrogenated Polymer (DHP) and Glucuronic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjian","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9306-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998313480196","article-title":"Particleboard from waste tea leaves and wood particles","volume":"48","author":"Batiancela","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Research and Development of Wood Adhesive in China","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Wood-Based Panels"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Myers, G.E. (1989). Advances in methods to reduce formaldehyde emission. Composite Board Products for Furniture and Cabinets-Innovationsin Manufacture and Utilization, Forest Products Research Society."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/00218464.2015.1046596","article-title":"Reduction of formaldehyde emission from particleboard by phenolated kraft lignin","volume":"92","author":"Pizzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"377","article-title":"Purification and Application of Lignin in Urea-formaldehyde Resin","volume":"35","author":"Peng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Guizhou Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/app.20887","article-title":"Use of a methylolated softwood ammonium lignosulfonate as partial substitute of phenol in resol resins manufacture","volume":"94","author":"Alonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.09.009","article-title":"Modification of ammonium lignosulfonate by phenolation for use in phenolic resins","volume":"96","author":"Alonso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-004-6844-4","article-title":"Studies on thermal characterization of lignin","volume":"89","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2004.01.003","article-title":"Development and characterization of a wood adhesive using bagasse lignin","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(97)00157-2","article-title":"Polyphenoles for compounded materials","volume":"59","author":"Kharazipour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(97)00030-8","article-title":"Effect of chemical modification of lignin on the gluebond performance of lig-nin-phenolic resins","volume":"60","author":"Freire","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7496(02)00058-1","article-title":"Use of organosolv lignin in phenol\u2013formaldehyde resins for particleboard production: I. Organosolv lignin modified resins","volume":"22","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8524(94)00120-P","article-title":"Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives for exterior grade plywoods","volume":"51","author":"Antorrena","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haars, A., Kharazipour, A., Zanker, H., and Huttermann, A. (1989). Room-Temperature Curing Adhesives Based on Lignin and Phenoloxidases. Adhesives from Renewable Resources, American Chemical Society.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1989-0385.ch010"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcttermann, A., Milstein, O., Nicklas, B., Trojanowski, J., Haars, A., and Kharazipour, A. (1989). Enzymatic Modification of Lignin for Technical Use. Lignin, American Chemical Society.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1989-0397.ch027"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"220","article-title":"Application of the dehydrogenative polymerization of vanillic acid to bonding of woody fibers","volume":"37","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(01)00339-8","article-title":"Wet strength improvement of unbleached kraft pulp through laccase catalyzed oxidation","volume":"28","author":"Lund","year":"2001","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"931","article-title":"Applications of phenol dehydrogenative polymerization by laccase to bonding among woody-fibers","volume":"38","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"185","article-title":"Bonding among woody fibers by use of enzymatic phenol dehydrogenative polymerization","volume":"40","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mokuzai Gakkaishi"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Pei, J. (2014). Lignocellulosic Chemistry, China Light Industry Press."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/197489a0","article-title":"A Lignin Carbohydrate Bond as revealed by Infra-red Spectroscopy","volume":"197","author":"Bolker","year":"1963","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06507-5","article-title":"Bonding wood with uncondensed lignins as adhesives","volume":"621","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Wang, X. (2022). Study on Thermal Condensation Reaction Mechanism of Dehydrogenation Polymer Catalyzed with Acid. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Hubei University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121452","article-title":"Extraction of super high-yield lignin-carbohydrate complexes from rice straw without compromising cellulose hydrolysis","volume":"323","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2011.607852","article-title":"Efficient microwave-promoted synthesis of glucuronic and galacturonic acid derivatives using sulfuric acid impregnated on silica","volume":"5","author":"Richel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6010359","article-title":"Recent Advances in Characterization of Lignin Polymer by Solution-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Methodology","volume":"6","author":"Wen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118817","article-title":"Chlorine dioxide oxidation of hemicellulose from alkaline hydrolysate bagasse to remove lignin unit in lignin-carbohydrate complex","volume":"277","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10533\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:07:34Z","timestamp":1760112454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms251910533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251910533","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}}}