{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:11:25Z","timestamp":1789693885136,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["ZDRW-ZS-2020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDRW-ZS-2020-2"]}]},{"name":"the Key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2023-SF-A5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-SF-A5"]}]},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Major Project","award":["ZDRW-ZS-2020-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDRW-ZS-2020-2"]}]},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023-SF-A5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-SF-A5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholestasis refers to a physiological and pathological process caused by bile acid (BA) overaccumulation inside the circulatory system and liver, leading to systemic and hepatocellular damage. Activating the farnesol X receptor (FXR) to restore BA homeostasis is a promising strategy for treating cholestasis. The objective of this research is to reveal solid evidence for the fact that the total iridoid glycosides from Swertia mussotii Franch. (IGSM) alleviate cholestasis. In this research, the whole plant of S. mussotii was extracted with 70% ethanol and separated by macroporous adsorption resin. A rat cholestasis model was established by the injection of \u03b1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) at a dose of 75 mg\/kg. Biochemical and oxidative stress indicators were determined using commercial assay kits. The mRNA abundance of FXR and target proteins was assessed using RT-qPCR. In addition, the effects of main compounds with FXR were evaluated by molecular docking after IGSM analysis using UPLC. The results indicated that IGSM alleviated ANIT-induced cholestasis through reducing serum ALT, AST, AKP, and TBA levels; increasing the mRNA levels of Fxr, Besp, Ntcp, and Mep2; and reducing oxidative stress. The proportion of iridoid compounds in IGSM exceeded 50%, which may be the active substance basis of IGSM. This study provides a theoretical reference for IGSM in the treatment of cholestasis, and future studies may delve more deeply into the FXR regulatory pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T03:57:08Z","timestamp":1727841428000},"page":"10607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Total Iridoid Glycosides from Swertia mussotii Franch. Alleviate Cholestasis Induced by \u03b1-Naphthyl Isothiocyanate through Activating the Farnesoid X Receptor and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6192-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7347-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Tie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenggen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nixia","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2019.09.009","article-title":"Complications of cholestasis","volume":"47","author":"Hegade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1362","article-title":"Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids","volume":"284","author":"Makishima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.05.004","article-title":"FXR signaling in the enterohepatic system","volume":"368","author":"Matsubara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. 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