{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:16:50Z","timestamp":1774574210622,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT Basic Science-Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB-2013-01-221136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB-2013-01-221136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies with kaempferol (KP) and linearolactone (LL) have demonstrated their antiparasitic activity. However, the toxicity of these treatments is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible toxicological effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of KP or LL on the amoebic liver abscess model (ALA) in Mesocricetus auratus. An ALA was induced in male hamsters with 1.5 \u00d7 105Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) trophozoites inoculated in the left hepatic lobe. The lesion evolved for 4 days, and then KP (5 mg\/kg body weight\/day) or LL (10 mg\/kg body weight\/day) was administered for 4 consecutive days. Then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), paraclinical analyses, and necropsy for histopathological evaluation were performed. There was similar ALA inhibition by KP (19.42%), LL (28.16%), and metronidazole, the antiamoebic control (20.87%) (p \u2264 0.05, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). There were hepatic and renal biochemical alterations in all treatment groups, mainly for KP (aspartate aminotransferase: 347.5 \u00b1 37.5 U\/L; blood urea nitrogen: 19.4 \u00b1 1.9 g\/dL; p \u2264 0.05, ANOVA). Lesions found in the organs were directly linked to the pathology. In conclusion, KP and LL decreased ALA development and exerted fewer toxicological effects compared with metronidazole. Therefore, both compounds exhibit therapeutic potential as an alternative treatment of amoebiasis caused by E. histolytica. However, additional clinical studies in different contexts are required to reaffirm this assertion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T11:29:24Z","timestamp":1727868564000},"page":"10633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Toxicological Evaluation of Kaempferol and Linearolactone as Treatments for Amoebic Liver Abscess Development in Mesocricetus auratus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Varela-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas (FCQ), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31125, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1851-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Calzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Farmacolog\u00eda, Hospital de Especialidades UMAE-CMNSXXI-IMSS, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06725, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5258-9222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Varela-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas (FCQ), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31125, CP, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elih\u00fa","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Ciencias Ambientales, IPICYT, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78216, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1734-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayra","family":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Farmacobiolog\u00eda, Universidad de la Ca\u00f1ada (UNCA), Teotitl\u00e1n de Flores Mag\u00f3n, Oax 68540, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Pichardo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Castellanos-Mijangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Imagenolog\u00eda Diagn\u00f3stica, Centro M\u00e9dico ISSEMyM-Arturo Montiel Rojas, Metepec 52170, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibiana","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Mungu\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Talam\u00e1s-Rohana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023, December 23). 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