{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:18:44Z","timestamp":1774736324465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["RE 3647\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 3647\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["\/1-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/1-2"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["2023_EKSP.179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_EKSP.179"]}]},{"name":"Else-Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Foundation","award":["RE 3647\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 3647\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"Else-Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Foundation","award":["\/1-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/1-2"]}]},{"name":"Else-Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Foundation","award":["2023_EKSP.179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_EKSP.179"]}]},{"name":"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts and by Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","award":["RE 3647\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 3647\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts and by Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","award":["\/1-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/1-2"]}]},{"name":"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts and by Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","award":["2023_EKSP.179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_EKSP.179"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a translational repressor encoded by FMR1. It targets bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2), which regulates granulosa cell (GC) function and follicle development. However, whether this interaction affects folliculogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the potential effect of FMRP-BMPR2 dysregulation in ovarian reserves and infertility. COV434 cells and patient-derived GCs were used to evaluate FMRP and BMPR2 expression. Similarly, FMR1, BMPR2, LIMK1, and SMAD expression were evaluated in GCs with normal (NOR) and poor (POR) ovarian responses. FMRP and BMPR2 were expressed in both cell types. They were co-localized to the nuclear membrane of COV434 cells and cytoplasm of primary GCs. FMR1 silencing increased the mRNA and protein levels of BMPR2. However, the mRNA levels of FMR1 and BMPR2 were significantly lower in the POR group. FMR1 and BMPR2 levels were strongly positively correlated in the NOR group but weakly correlated in the POR group. Additionally, SMAD9 expression was significantly reduced in the POR group. This study highlights the crucial role of FMR1\/FMRP in the regulation of BMPR2 expression and its impact on ovarian function. These findings indicate that the disruption of FMRP-BMPR2 interactions may cause poor ovarian responses and infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T03:36:03Z","timestamp":1727926563000},"page":"10643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type II Expression by FMR1\/Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in Human Granulosa Cells in the Context of Poor Ovarian Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan Phuoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women\u2019s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6863-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Vilkaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women\u2019s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women\u2019s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens E.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women\u2019s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Hinderhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Strowitzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women\u2019s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Rehnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women\u2019s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61524-7","article-title":"Development of Follicles in the Mammalian Ovary","volume":"124","author":"Hirshfield","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. 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