{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:57:23Z","timestamp":1764172643475,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Platelet Concentrates (PCs) in the contest of Hemorrhagic, Actinic, and Radiation Cystitis, plus Urethral Obstruction or Stenosis. Eligibility criteria: Open article in English or Italian regarding in situ applications of PCs for the selected pathologies. Information sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ELSEVIER. Risk of bias: High (and discussed). Methods for synthesis of results: Selection of relevant contents, resumed by digital tools, checked by authors and used throughout the manuscript. Included studies: 13 screened articles + 7 personal sources + 37 \u201cextra\u201d articles. Synthesis of results: Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated substantial symptom relief, mucosal restoration, and improved growth factor levels, reducing recurrence rates and complications. However, preparation protocols and results varied among studies. Limitations of evidence: Frequent low-quality studies with mall sample size, plus heterogeneous experimental setups and nomenclature\/preparations. Interpretation: PCs demonstrate promise due to their bioactive components, enhancing tissue repair and reducing inflammation with no significant adverse events. Despite positive outcomes in pre-clinical and clinical studies, variability in preparation protocols and small sample sizes, together with inconsistent results, highlight the need for high-quality research to validate PCs\u2019 clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T03:26:36Z","timestamp":1728012396000},"page":"10683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Applications of Platelet Concentrates (PCs) in Regenerative Onco-Urology: A Systematic Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3321-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gottardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Tulone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Pavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Fulfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Gristina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tancredi Didier","family":"Bazan Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Prestifilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2812-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Claps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Incorvaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-5683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Galvano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4370-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9513-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alchiede","family":"Simonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of intravesical injections of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders due to regenerative deficiency","volume":"31","author":"Ke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ci Ji Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.56434\/j.arch.esp.urol.20227508.98","article-title":"Applications of Platelet Rich Plasma in Urology","volume":"75","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Esp. Urol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottardo, A., Gristina, V., Perez, A., Di Giovanni, E., Contino, S., Barraco, N., Bono, M., Iann\u00ec, G., Randazzo, U., and Bazan Russo, T.D. (2024). Roles of Tumor-Educated Platelets (TEPs) in the biology of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A systematic review. \u201cRe-discovering the neglected biosources of the liquid biopsy family\u201d. J. Liq. Biopsy, 3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlb.2024.100136"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-022-02675-0","article-title":"Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet concentrates for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas","volume":"27","author":"Tutino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02649-6","article-title":"Use of platelet concentrate gel in second-intention wound healing: A case report","volume":"15","author":"Palumbo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.02.004","article-title":"In vitro release of growth factors from platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): A proposal to optimize the clinical applications of PRF","volume":"108","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"O42","article-title":"Repeated intravesical injections of platelet-rich plasma are effective in the treatment of interstitial cystitis: A case control pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Jhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Low. Urin. Tract Symptoms"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.06.020","article-title":"The effect of platelet rich fibrin on growth factor levels in urethral repair","volume":"48","author":"Soyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2016.1143922","article-title":"Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile of platelet-rich plasma","volume":"27","author":"Mussano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2011.00740.x","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin matrix improves wound angiogenesis via inducing endothelial cell proliferation","volume":"19","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2007.01.045","article-title":"The Developing Bladder is Hypoxic in Vivo and Bladder Angiogenesis is Controlled Through VEGF by Tissue Oxygenisation","volume":"3","author":"Burgu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12504","article-title":"Intravesical injections of autologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis","volume":"15","author":"Kuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Low. Urin. Tract Symptoms"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00221.x","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived stem cells in wound healing: A review","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-7-53","article-title":"Macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion is enhanced following interaction with autologous platelets","volume":"7","author":"Scull","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8494-7","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma and the elimination of neuropathic pain","volume":"48","author":"Kuffler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1632548.274","article-title":"The Early Histological Effects of Intravesical Instillation of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cystitis Models","volume":"20","author":"Zeybek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Neurourol. J."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hemorrhagic Cystitis: Making Rapid and Shrewd Clinical and Surgical Decisions for Improving Patient Outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Jefferson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Urol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.235","article-title":"High burden of BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"49","author":"Gilis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.009","article-title":"BK virus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: An update on pathogenesis, immune responses, diagnosis and treatments","volume":"81","author":"Saade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2023.103732","article-title":"Efficacy of allogeneic platelet growth factors in actinic cystitis: The resolution of trouble?","volume":"62","author":"Abbruzzese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transfus. Apher. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15365","article-title":"Analysis of early clinical signs and risk factors for severe hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation in children","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-022-04131-y","article-title":"Posterior urethral stenosis: A comparative review of the guidelines","volume":"40","author":"Abbasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathes, T., and Pieper, D. (2017). Clarifying the distinction between case series and cohort studies in systematic reviews of comparative studies: Potential impact on body of evidence and workload. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0391-8"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.1.54","article-title":"Observational research methods. Research design II: Cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies","volume":"20","author":"Mann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooijmans, C.R., Rovers, M.M., de Vries, R.B., Leenaars, M., Ritskes-Hoitinga, M., and Langendam, M.W. (2014). SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Daramola, O.O., and Rhee, J.S. (2024, August 01). Rating Evidence in Medical Literature. Available online: https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/rating-evidence-medical-literature\/2011-01."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States (2024, August 01). Study Quality Assessment Tools; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Available online: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trama, F., Illiano, E., Marchesi, A., Brancorsini, S., Crocetto, F., Pandolfo, S.D., Zucchi, A., and Costantini, E. (2021). Use of Intravesical Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101194"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.H., Man, K.M., Chen, W.C., Liu, P.L., Tsai, K.S., Tsai, M.Y., Wu, Y.T., and Chen, H.Y. (2020). Platelet-Rich Plasma Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Acute Interstitial Cystitis\/Painful Bladder Syndrome in a Rat Model. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060381"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02223-0","article-title":"Intravesical application of platelet-rich plasma in patients with persistent haemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A single-centre preliminary experience","volume":"51","author":"Masieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.12.002","article-title":"Wound healing in urology","volume":"82\u201383","author":"Ninan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"27514","article-title":"Protective Effect of Intravesical Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis","volume":"39","author":"Ozyuvali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2018.59.4.280","article-title":"Letter to the editor: Safety and feasibility of platelet rich fibrin matrix injections for treatment of common urologic conditions","volume":"59","author":"Spartalis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Clin. Urol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14516","article-title":"Current management of radiation cystitis: A review and practical guide to clinical management","volume":"123","author":"Pascoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.23","article-title":"Management of radiation cystitis","volume":"7","author":"Smit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.06.002","article-title":"Long-term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer","volume":"176","author":"Zelefsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)00431-J","article-title":"The response of the urinary bladder, urethra, and ureter to radiation and chemotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Marks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.06.030","article-title":"Cystectomy for refractory hemorrhagic cystitis: Contemporary etiology, presentation and outcomes","volume":"192","author":"Linder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.06.018","article-title":"Fibrin glue therapy for severe hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Tirindelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.2319\/091018-661.1","article-title":"Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich plasma in reducing alveolar bone resorption following rapid maxillary expansion: A cone-beam computed tomography assessment in a randomized split-mouth controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Alomari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00027","article-title":"Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review of Overlapping Meta-Analyses","volume":"7","author":"Hurley","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1195-z","article-title":"Argon plasma surface modification promotes the therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue formation of tissue-engineered scaffolds in vivo by adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Griffin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2017.10.009","article-title":"Evaluation of Three Methods of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Equine Distal Limb Skin Wounds","volume":"72","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80797-4","article-title":"Growth factors and wound healing: Biochemical properties of growth factors and their receptors","volume":"165","author":"Bennett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13159","article-title":"Bladder Wall Structure Alterations in Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin for Detrusor Overactivity\u2014A Morphological Study","volume":"37","author":"Persu","year":"2023","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jhang, J.F., Yu, W.R., and Kuo, H.C. (2023). Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Events between Intravesical Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis Refractory to Conventional Treatment. Toxins, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15020121"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967120912841","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120912841","article-title":"Effects of Antiplatelet and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications on Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Frey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.10.007","article-title":"Modified platelet-rich plasma with transforming growth factor \u03b21 neutralization antibody injection may reduce recurrence rate of urethral stricture","volume":"97","author":"Gul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelc, R., Trapecar, M., Gradisnik, L., Rupnik, M.S., and Vogrin, M. (2015). Platelet-rich plasma, especially when combined with a TGF-\u03b2 inhibitor promotes proliferation, viability and myogenic differentiation of myoblasts in vitro. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117302"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.02.017","article-title":"Customized platelet-rich plasma with transforming growth factor \u03b21 neutralization antibody to reduce fibrosis in skeletal muscle","volume":"87","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2016.4.274","article-title":"The use of autologous platelet rich plasma gel in bulbar and penile buccal mucosa urethroplasty: Preliminary report of our first series","volume":"88","author":"Scarcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Urol. Androl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23460","article-title":"Protective effect of platelet-rich plasma on urethral injury model of male rats","volume":"37","author":"Tavukcu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2597-8","article-title":"The effect of platelet-rich plasma injection on post-internal urethrotomy stricture recurrence","volume":"37","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615928","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/615928","article-title":"Tunneled tunica vaginalis flap for recurrent urethrocutaneous fistulae","volume":"2008","author":"Routh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Urol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02146-5","article-title":"Management of recurrent urethral fistulas after hypospadias repair","volume":"61","author":"Richter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"19","article-title":"Fistula repair after hypospadias surgery using buccal mucosal graft","volume":"6","author":"Hosseini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urol. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.06.004","article-title":"Single-donor fibrin sealant for repair of urethrocutaneous fistulae following multiple hypospadias and epispadias repairs","volume":"7","author":"Kajbafzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2012.00983.x","article-title":"Use of autologous platelet rich fibrin in urethracutaneous fistula repair: Preliminary report","volume":"10","author":"Soyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.011","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): A second-generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: Clinical effects on tissue healing","volume":"101","author":"Choukroun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.38931","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin: Evolution of a second-generation platelet concentrate","volume":"19","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0042","article-title":"Intervertebral disc regeneration using platelet-rich plasma and biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres","volume":"13","author":"Nagae","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"329","article-title":"Breast reconstruction with autologous fat graft; does platelet-rich plasma affect patient\u2019s survival?","volume":"7","author":"Spartalis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.11.009","article-title":"The use of platelet-rich plasma in plastic surgery: A systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Sommeling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S327191","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in France: Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Standard of Care","volume":"14","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinicoecon. Outcomes Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10683\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:10:16Z","timestamp":1760112616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms251910683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251910683","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]}}}