{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:33:51Z","timestamp":1779168831441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology of China","award":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"]}]},{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology of China","award":["2020JM719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM719"]}]},{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology of China","award":["62374121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62374121"]}]},{"name":"Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology of China","award":["2021SF-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SF-184"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2020JM719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM719"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["62374121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62374121"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2021SF-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SF-184"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020JM719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM719"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62374121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62374121"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021SF-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SF-184"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNYZ2023XJ0416"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2020JM719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM719"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["62374121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62374121"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2021SF-184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SF-184"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by complex symptoms which cause maternal and fetal problems and deaths. The aim of this study is to achieve preeclampsia risk prediction and early risk prediction in Xinjiang, China, based on the placental growth factor measured using the SiMoA or Elecsys platform. A novel reliable calibration modeling method and missing data imputing method are proposed, in which different strategies are used to adapt to small samples, training data, test data, independent features, and dependent feature pairs. Multiple machine learning algorithms were applied to train models using various datasets, such as single-platform versus bi-platform data, early pregnancy versus early plus non-early pregnancy data, and real versus real plus augmented data. It was found that a combination of two types of mono-platform data could improve risk prediction performance, and non-early pregnancy data could enhance early risk prediction performance when limited early pregnancy data were available. Additionally, the inclusion of augmented data resulted in achieving a high but unstable performance. The models in this study significantly reduced the incidence of preeclampsia in the region from 7.2% to 2.0%, and the mortality rate was reduced to 0%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T03:26:36Z","timestamp":1728012396000},"page":"10684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Prospective Study on Risk Prediction of Preeclampsia Using Bi-Platform Calibration and Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Research Institute, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311231, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7511-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Research Institute, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311231, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.11.021","article-title":"Review: Biochemical markers to predict preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-021-00913-6","article-title":"The Role of Biomarkers and Imaging to Predict Preeclampsia and Subsequent Cardiovascular Dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"Woldu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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