{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:32:30Z","timestamp":1792114350370,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phospholipids are crucial structural components of cells. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (both synthesized via the Kennedy pathway) and phosphatidylserine undergo interconversion. The dysregulation of this process is implicated in various diseases. This paper discusses the role of enzymes involved in the interconversion of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine, specifically phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), phosphatidylserine synthases (PTDSS1 and PTDSS2), and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD), with a focus on their biochemical properties. Additionally, we describe the effects of the deregulation of these enzymes and their roles in both oncological and non-oncological diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alzheimer\u2019s disease, obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. Current knowledge on inhibitors of these enzymes as potential therapeutic agents is also reviewed, although in most cases, inhibitors are yet to be developed. The final section of this article presents a bioinformatic analysis using the GEPIA portal to explore the significance of these enzymes in cancer processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T06:23:18Z","timestamp":1728282198000},"page":"10745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Biochemistry and Diseases Related to the Interconversion of Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, and Phosphatidylserine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Korbecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Bosiacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kupnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6381-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Barczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Zi\u0119tek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9187-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Baranowska-Bosiacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1139\/o93-023","article-title":"Molecular Species of Glycerophospholipids and Diacylglycerols of Cultured SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells","volume":"71","author":"Liepkalns","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannun, Y.A., and Obeid, L.M. (2018). Author Correction: Sphingolipids and Their Metabolism in Physiology and Disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0046-6"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003385","article-title":"Remodelling of Primary Human CD4+ T Cell Plasma Membrane Order by N-3 PUFA","volume":"119","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26138","article-title":"Lipid Composition of Membrane Microdomains Isolated Detergent-Free from PUFA Supplemented RAW264.7 Macrophages","volume":"233","author":"Hellwing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00604-z","article-title":"Regulation of Phospholipid Distribution in the Lipid Bilayer by Flippases and Scramblases","volume":"24","author":"Sakuragi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50785-2","article-title":"The Function of Cytidine Coenzymes in the Biosynthesis of Phospholipides","volume":"222","author":"Kennedy","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081597","article-title":"Purification and Characterization of Human Phosphatidylserine Synthases 1 and 2","volume":"418","author":"Tomohiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19133","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.31.19133","article-title":"Cloning of a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cDNA Encoding Phosphatidylserine Synthase (PSS) II, Overexpression of Which Suppresses the Phosphatidylserine Biosynthetic Defect of a PSS I-Lacking Mutant of CHO-K1 Cells","volume":"272","author":"Kuge","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37470-2","article-title":"Specificity of Rat Hepatic Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase for Molecular Species of Diacyl Phosphatidylethanolamine","volume":"263","author":"Ridgway","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16864","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37471-4","article-title":"Kinetic Mechanism of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase","volume":"263","author":"Ridgway","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45514-7","article-title":"Purification of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase from Rat Liver","volume":"262","author":"Ridgway","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)38127-4","article-title":"A Cloned Gene Encoding Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase Complements the Phosphatidylserine Biosynthetic Defect of a Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Mutant","volume":"266","author":"Kuge","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2012.07.017","article-title":"Physiological Roles of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase","volume":"1831","author":"Vance","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(98)00147-7","article-title":"Identification of Three Novel cDNAs for Human Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase and Localization of the Human Gene on Chromosome 17p11.2","volume":"1436","author":"Walkey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(01)00122-6","article-title":"Structure, Expression Profile and Alternative Processing of the Human Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PEMT) Gene","volume":"1532","author":"Shields","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20100490","article-title":"Functional Analysis of Two Isoforms of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase","volume":"432","author":"Morita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29683","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.29683","article-title":"Molecular Distinction of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis between the CDP-Choline Pathway and Phosphatidylethanolamine Methylation Pathway","volume":"274","author":"DeLong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210904200","article-title":"Membrane Topography of Human Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase","volume":"278","author":"Shields","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakatsuka, A., Matsuyama, M., Yamaguchi, S., Katayama, A., Eguchi, J., Murakami, K., Teshigawara, S., Ogawa, D., Wada, N., and Yasunaka, T. (2016). Insufficiency of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Is Risk for Lean Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21721"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17338","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.234534","article-title":"Sequential Synthesis and Methylation of Phosphatidylethanolamine Promote Lipid Droplet Biosynthesis and Stability in Tissue Culture and in Vivo","volume":"286","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe, M., Nakatsuka, A., Murakami, K., Inoue, K., Terami, T., Higuchi, C., Katayama, A., Teshigawara, S., Eguchi, J., and Ogawa, D. (2014). Pemt Deficiency Ameliorates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092647"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20021523","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PEMT) Knockout Mice Have Hepatic Steatosis and Abnormal Hepatic Choline Metabolite Concentrations despite Ingesting a Recommended Dietary Intake of Choline","volume":"370","author":"Zhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22403","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.108514","article-title":"Impaired de Novo Choline Synthesis Explains Why Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-Deficient Mice Are Protected from Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"285","author":"Jacobs","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10986","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900679R","article-title":"Hepatic PEMT Activity Mediates Liver Health, Weight Gain, and Insulin Resistance","volume":"33","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3386","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase Activity and Dietary Choline Regulate Liver-Plasma Lipid Flux and Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice","volume":"133","author":"Watkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serafim, V., Chirita-Emandi, A., Andreescu, N., Tiugan, D.-A., Tutac, P., Paul, C., Velea, I., Mihailescu, A., \u0218erban, C.L., and Zimbru, C.G. (2019). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PEMT and MTHFR Genes Are Associated with Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acid Levels in the Red Blood Cells of Children with Obesity. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112600"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Zhang, F., Kerbl-Knapp, J., Korbelius, M., Kuentzel, K.B., Vuji\u0107, N., Akhmetshina, A., H\u00f6rl, G., Paar, M., and Steyrer, E. (2022). Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Modulates Metabolic Changes in Aging Mice. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202208.0159.v1"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.10.007","article-title":"Alternative Splicing of UCP1 by Non-Cell-Autonomous Action of PEMT","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31421-7","article-title":"Suppression of Rat Hepatoma Cell Growth by Expression of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-2","volume":"269","author":"Cui","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000072341","article-title":"Expression of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase in Human Hepatocellular Carcinomas","volume":"65","author":"Tessitore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Liu, D., Wang, F., Liu, Y., Xie, J., Xie, J., and Xie, Y. (2022). Construction of a Novel Choline Metabolism-Related Signature to Predict Prognosis, Immune Landscape, and Chemotherapy Response in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1038927"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.2035","article-title":"Increased Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Gene Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tissue Predicts Shorter Patient Survival","volume":"7","author":"Zinrajh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Li, C., Liu, T., Song, Y., Chen, P., Liu, L., Wang, B., and Qu, J. (2023). The Association of Serum Choline Concentrations with the Risk of Cancers: A Community-Based Nested Case-Control Study. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49610-3"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, N., Li, W., Xu, G., Duan, N., Yu, G., and Qu, J. (2023). Choline Metabolism and Its Implications in Cancer. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1234887"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.67","article-title":"LINE-1 Methylation in Leukocyte DNA, Interaction with Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Variants and Bladder Cancer Risk","volume":"110","author":"Tajuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.06.023","article-title":"Mutant P53 as a Target for Cancer Treatment","volume":"83","author":"Duffy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-101279","article-title":"Choline Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer in a Population-Based Study","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1800","article-title":"Epigenetic Repression of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PEMT) in BRCA1-Mutated Breast Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, N.K., Langberg, K.A., Mondal, A.K., and Das, S.K. (2013). Phospholipid Biosynthesis Genes and Susceptibility to Obesity: Analysis of Expression and Polymorphisms. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/7b3edc45-39c7-416b-a7dc-124f4846303d"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C.-H., Chang, T.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., and Huang, R.-F.S. (2023). PEMT Rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143211"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, C., Holstein, D.J.F., Garcia-Cubero, N., Moulla, Y., Stroh, C., Dietrich, A., Sch\u00f6n, M.R., G\u00e4rtner, D., Lohmann, T., and Dressler, M. (2023). The Role of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PEMT) and Its Waist-Hip-Ratio-Associated Locus Rs4646404 in Obesity-Related Metabolic Traits and Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316850"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0993","article-title":"The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in Mitochondria Can Modulate ATP Production and Glucose Metabolism in Mice","volume":"63","author":"Lingrell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802117R","article-title":"A Role for Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine in Hepatic Insulin Signaling","volume":"33","author":"Lingrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20500-w","article-title":"High-Fat Diet-Induced Upregulation of Exosomal Phosphatidylcholine Contributes to Insulin Resistance","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.11.006","article-title":"Decreased Lipogenesis in White Adipose Tissue Contributes to the Resistance to High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-Deficient Mice","volume":"1851","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2015.11.008","article-title":"Lack of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase in Mice Does Not Promote Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"1861","author":"Tasseva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0111-2","article-title":"Phospholipid Methylation Regulates Muscle Metabolic Rate through Ca2+ Transport Efficiency","volume":"1","author":"Verkerke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600198-JLR200","article-title":"Mice Fed a Lipogenic Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet Develop Hypermetabolism Coincident with Hepatic Suppression of SCD-1","volume":"47","author":"Rizki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Presa, N., Dominguez-Herrera, A., van der Veen, J.N., Vance, D.E., and G\u00f3mez-Mu\u00f1oz, A. (2020). Implication of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase in Adipocyte Differentiation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 1866.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165853"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3580com","article-title":"Polymorphism of the PEMT Gene and Susceptibility to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.12.012","article-title":"The Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Gene V175M Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Confers the Susceptibility to NASH in Japanese Population","volume":"46","author":"Dong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000193","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Gene Rs7946 Polymorphism Plays a Role in Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Evidence from Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.02.001","article-title":"Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies a Variant in Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Gene to Be Associated with Lean-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"9","author":"Bale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piras, I.S., Raju, A., Don, J., Schork, N.J., Gerhard, G.S., and DiStefano, J.K. (2022). Hepatic PEMT Expression Decreases with Increasing NAFLD Severity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169296"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abomughaid, M., Tay, E.S.E., Pickford, R., Malladi, C., Read, S.A., Coorssen, J.R., Gloss, B.S., George, J., and Douglas, M.W. (2023). PEMT Mediates Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Steatosis, Explains Genotype-Specific Phenotypes and Supports Virus Replication. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108781"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.12.3005","article-title":"Hepatic Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Expression Is Increased in Diabetic Rats","volume":"136","author":"Hartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.188672","article-title":"Lack of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Alters Plasma VLDL Phospholipids and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.238691","article-title":"Impaired Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis Reduces Atherosclerosis and Prevents Lipotoxic Cardiac Dysfunction in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 Mice","volume":"108","author":"Cole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy165","article-title":"Hepatic Expression of PEMT, but Not Dietary Choline Supplementation, Reverses the Protection against Atherosclerosis in Pemt\u2212\/\u2212\/Ldlr\u2212\/\u2212 Mice","volume":"148","author":"Zia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.09.009","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis and Lipoprotein Metabolism","volume":"1821","author":"Cole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.10.040","article-title":"Gene Expression Profiling in Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Mice","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2004.01.004","article-title":"Deletion of the Pemt Gene Increases Progenitor Cell Mitosis, DNA and Protein Methylation and Decreases Calretinin Expression in Embryonic Day 17 Mouse Hippocampus","volume":"149","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.07.038","article-title":"A Study of the PEMT Gene in Schizophrenia","volume":"424","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.11.004","article-title":"No Association of the Rs4646396 SNP in the PEMT Locus with Schizophrenia in a Chinese Case-Control Sample","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9630-3","article-title":"PEMT G523A (V175M) Is Associated with Sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in a Chinese Population","volume":"46","author":"Bi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(98)00068-0","article-title":"Activity of Phosphatidylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase in Brain Affected by Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"34","author":"Guan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101608","article-title":"Disturbed Choline Plasmalogen and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Concentrations in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"24","author":"Igarashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-020-08636-w","article-title":"Lipidomic Analysis of Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex Phospholipids Reveals Changes in Choline Plasmalogen Containing Docosahexaenoic Acid and Stearic Acid between Cases with and without Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"23","author":"Otoki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"12","article-title":"Alkyl-Acylglycerols and the Important Clinical Ramifications of Raising Plasmalogens in Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"19","author":"Meletis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2022-0180","article-title":"PEMT Variants Are Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in Chile","volume":"14","author":"Suazo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1159\/000507472","article-title":"Dietary Choline Intake during Pregnancy and PEMT Rs7946 Polymorphism on Risk of Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study","volume":"76","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.10.021","article-title":"Importance of Polymorphic Variants of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase (PEMT) Gene in the Etiology of Intrauterine Fetal Death in the Polish Population","volume":"231","author":"Barlik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)65149-3","article-title":"Inhibition of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methylation by 3-Deazaadenosine Stimulates the Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine via the CDP-Choline Pathway","volume":"257","author":"Pritchard","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41326-4","article-title":"Metabolism of Molecular Species of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylcholine in Rat Hepatocytes during Prolonged Inhibition of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase","volume":"34","author":"Samborski","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaroonwitchawan, T., Visitchanakun, P., Dang, P.C., Ritprajak, P., Palaga, T., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2020). Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in Macrophages Is Responsible for Severe Endotoxin Tolerance in FcgRIIB-Deficient Lupus Mice. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00959"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09963.x","article-title":"Effects of the S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Inhibitors 3-Deazaadenosine and 3-Deazaaristeromycin on RNA Methylation and Synthesis","volume":"160","author":"Backlund","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2001.46","article-title":"Activation of Caspase-8 in 3-Deazaadenosine-Induced Apoptosis of U-937 Cells Occurs Downstream of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 without Fas Receptor-Ligand Interaction","volume":"33","author":"Cha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34534","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002865200","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine Synthase-1 and -2 Are Localized to Mitochondria-Associated Membranes","volume":"275","author":"Stone","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)01049-6","article-title":"Immunochemical Identification of the pssA Gene Product as Phosphatidylserine Synthase I of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells","volume":"395","author":"Saito","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4182","article-title":"Topology of Phosphatidylserine Synthase 1 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane","volume":"30","author":"Miyata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035197x","article-title":"Substrate Preference in Phosphatidylserine Biosynthesis for Docosahexaenoic Acid Containing Species","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M031989","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine Synthase 2: High Efficiency for Synthesizing Phosphatidylserine Containing Docosahexaenoic Acid","volume":"54","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2829","article-title":"Gain-of-Function Mutations in the Phosphatidylserine Synthase 1 (PTDSS1) Gene Cause Lenz-Majewski Syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Sousa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2398","article-title":"Lenz-Majewski Hyperostotic Dwarfism with Hyperphosphoserinuria from a Novel Mutation in PTDSS1 Encoding Phosphatidylserine Synthase 1","volume":"30","author":"Whyte","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62695","article-title":"De Novo Loss-of-Function Variant in PTDSS1 Is Associated with Developmental Delay","volume":"188","author":"Gracie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-3203-x","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Phospholipids in the Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Liver: Brain Phospholipids Are Least Enriched with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids","volume":"442","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.10.014","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine and the Human Brain","volume":"31","author":"Glade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2021.62.2.99","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across Asia","volume":"62","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soueid, J., Kourtian, S., Makhoul, N.J., Makoukji, J., Haddad, S., Ghanem, S.S., Kobeissy, F., and Boustany, R.-M. (2016). RYR2, PTDSS1 and AREG Genes Are Implicated in a Lebanese Population-Based Study of Copy Number Variation in Autism. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19088"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng, R., and Huang, X. (2021). Identification of Major Depressive Disorder Disease-Related Genes and Functional Pathways Based on System Dynamic Changes of Network Connectivity. BMC Med. Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-021-00908-z"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eade7864","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade7864","article-title":"Mitochondrial Phosphatidylethanolamine Modulates UCP1 to Promote Brown Adipose Thermogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Yu, X., Wang, T., Cai, W., Hua, T., Duan, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, Y., and Yao, L. (2023). Metabolic Changes of Glycerophospholipids during the Reparative Phase after Myocardial Infarction Injury. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1122571"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schumacher, D., Curaj, A., Staudt, M., Cordes, F., Dumitra\u015fcu, A.R., Rolles, B., Beckers, C., Soppert, J., Rusu, M., and Simsekyilmaz, S. (2021). Phosphatidylserine Supplementation as a Novel Strategy for Reducing Myocardial Infarct Size and Preventing Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094401"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2792","article-title":"Cell Death in the Neighbourhood: Direct Microenvironmental Effects of Apoptosis in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues","volume":"223","author":"Gregory","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1252809","article-title":"Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of Phospholipid Flippase for Apoptotic Phosphatidylserine Exposure","volume":"344","author":"Segawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12272","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine Released from Apoptotic Cells in Tumor Induces M2-like Macrophage Polarization through the PSR-STAT3-JMJD3 Axis","volume":"42","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3870","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine Synthase PTDSS1 Shapes the Tumor Lipidome to Maintain Tumor-Promoting Inflammation","volume":"82","author":"Sekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e149473","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149473","article-title":"ATP11B Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis in a Mouse Model by Suppressing Externalization of Nonapoptotic Phosphatidylserine","volume":"132","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7395","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16767","article-title":"Csnk1a1 Inhibition Modulates the Inflammatory Secretome and Enhances Response to Radiotherapy in Glioma","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W98","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx247","article-title":"GEPIA: A Web Server for Cancer and Normal Gene Expression Profiling and Interactive Analyses","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-1006","article-title":"Potent and Selective PTDSS1 Inhibitors Induce Collateral Lethality in Cancers with PTDSS2 Deletion","volume":"82","author":"Yoshihama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omi, J., Kato, T., Yoshihama, Y., Sawada, K., Kono, N., and Aoki, J. (2024). Phosphatidylserine Synthesis Controls Oncogenic B Cell Receptor Signaling in B Cell Lymphoma. J. Cell Biol., 223.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202212074"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41851-0","article-title":"On the Mechanism of the Mitochondrial Decarboxylation of Phosphatidylserine","volume":"267","author":"Hovius","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40032","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506510200","article-title":"Disruption of the Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase Gene in Mice Causes Embryonic Lethality and Mitochondrial Defects","volume":"280","author":"Steenbergen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.434183","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine Deficiency in Mammalian Mitochondria Impairs Oxidative Phosphorylation and Alters Mitochondrial Morphology","volume":"288","author":"Tasseva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Chitraju, C., Farese, R.V., Walther, T.C., and Burd, C.G. (2021). Conditional Targeting of Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase to Lipid Droplets. Biol. Open, 10.","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.058516"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28362","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703786200","article-title":"The CDP-Ethanolamine Pathway and Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylation Generate Different Phosphatidylethanolamine Molecular Species","volume":"282","author":"Bleijerveld","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2001.5076","article-title":"Determination of Substrate Preference in Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylation by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","volume":"292","author":"Kevala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.06.020","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase Is Critical for the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Integrity and Muscle Mass","volume":"27","author":"Selathurai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10385","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Central Nervous System Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase Activity","volume":"70","author":"Salvador","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23693","article-title":"The Homozygous Variant c.797G>A\/p.(Cys266Tyr) in PISD Is Associated with a Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia with Large Epiphyses and Disturbed Mitochondrial Function","volume":"40","author":"Girisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-C., Humphries, B., Brien, R., Gibbons, A.E., Chen, Y.-T., Qyli, T., Haley, H.R., Pirone, M.E., Chiang, B., and Xiao, A. (2018). Functional Isolation of Tumor-Initiating Cells Using Microfluidic-Based Migration Identifies Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase as a Key Regulator. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18610-5"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12146","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.007766","article-title":"High-Throughput Screening for Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase Inhibitors Using a Distyrylbenzene-Bis-Aldehyde (DSB-3)-Based Fluorescence Assay","volume":"294","author":"Hendricson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13280","article-title":"Characterization of Plasmodium Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase Expressed in Yeast and Application for Inhibitor Screening","volume":"99","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Weinstein, J.N., Collisson, E.A., Mills, G.B., Shaw, K.R.M., Ozenberger, B.A., Ellrott, K., Shmulevich, I., Sander, C., and Stuart, J.M. (2013). The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis Project. Nat. Genet., 45, 1113\u20131120.","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2764"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10745\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:11:23Z","timestamp":1760112683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms251910745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251910745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]}}}