{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:36:28Z","timestamp":1790958988636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Fund for Strategic Development, New Bulgarian University","award":["Grant NBU-GFSR-27\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant NBU-GFSR-27\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, usually cationic peptides with an amphiphilic structure, which allows them to easily bind and interact with the cellular membranes of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens. Bacterial AMPs, or bacteriocins, can be produced from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria via ribosomal synthesis to eliminate competing organisms. Bacterial AMPs are vital in addressing the increasing antibiotic resistance of various pathogens, potentially serving as an alternative to ineffective antibiotics. Bacteriocins have a narrow spectrum of action, making them highly specific antibacterial compounds that target particular bacterial pathogens. This review covers the two main groups of bacteriocins produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, their modes of action, classification, sources of positive effects they can play on the human body, and their limitations and future perspectives as an alternative to antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1728361766000},"page":"10788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Bacteria: Classification, Sources, and Mechanism of Action against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Raynichka","family":"Mihaylova-Garnizova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Blvd. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Academy, George Sofiiski Str. 3, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavena","family":"Davidova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Blvd. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yordan","family":"Hodzhev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Blvd. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Satchanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Blvd. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07572-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides: Features, Applications and the Potential Use against COVID-19","volume":"49","author":"Mabrouk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. 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