{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:44:22Z","timestamp":1788252262677,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NKFIH OTKA K 143216 and 146181 projects","award":["TKP2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021"]}]},{"name":"NKFIH OTKA K 143216 and 146181 projects","award":["20FUN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FUN02"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary via the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary via the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["20FUN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FUN02"]}]},{"name":"EMPIR program","award":["TKP2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021"]}]},{"name":"EMPIR program","award":["20FUN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FUN02"]}]},{"name":"Stipendium Hungaricum scholarship","award":["TKP2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021"]}]},{"name":"Stipendium Hungaricum scholarship","award":["20FUN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FUN02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We performed an electrochromic investigation to optimize the composition of reactive magnetron-sputtered mixed layers of zinc oxide and tin oxide (ZnO-SnO2). Deposition experiments were conducted as a combinatorial material synthesis approach. The binary system for the samples of SnO2-ZnO represented the full composition range. The coloration efficiency (CE) was determined for the mixed oxide films with the simultaneous measurement of layer transmittance, in a conventional three-electrode configuration, and an electric current was applied by using organic propylene carbonate electrolyte cells. The optical parameters and composition were measured and mapped by using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were carried out to check the SE results, for (TiO2-SnO2). Pure metal targets were placed separately from each other, and the indium\u2013tin-oxide (ITO)-covered glass samples and Si-probes on a glass holder were moved under the two separated targets (Zn and Sn) in a reactive argon\u2013oxygen (Ar-O2) gas mixture. This combinatorial process ensured that all the compositions (from 0 to 100%) were achieved in the same sputtering chamber after one sputtering preparation cycle. The CE data evaluated from the electro-optical measurements plotted against the composition displayed a characteristic maximum at around 29% ZnO. The accuracy of our combinatorial approach was 5%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:03:49Z","timestamp":1728389029000},"page":"10801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Compositional Optimization of Sputtered SnO2\/ZnO Films for High Coloration Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"L\u00e1badi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics & Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege Rd. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0087-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Taha","family":"Ismaeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics & Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege Rd. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School on Materials Sciences and Technologies, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10070, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Petrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics & Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege Rd. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics & Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege Rd. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics and Technology, \u00d3buda University, Tavaszmezo Str. 17, 1084 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.02.002","article-title":"Electrochromics for smart windows: Oxide-based thin films and devices","volume":"564","author":"Granqvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismaeel, N.T., L\u00e1badi, Z., Petrik, P., and Fried, M. 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Print ISBN 9780470016084; Online ISBN 9780470060193.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470060193"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10801\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:09:08Z","timestamp":1760112548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/19\/10801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms251910801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251910801","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]}}}