{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:10:45Z","timestamp":1790007045326,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DS24 Statutory Project of the Medical University of Lublin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lepidium peruvianum\u2014an edible herbaceous biennial plant distributed in the Andes\u2014has been used for centuries as food and as a natural medicine in treating hormonal disorders, as an antidepressant, and as an anti-osteoporotic agent. The presented study aims to prove its beneficial cosmetic and chemopreventive properties by testing the antiradical, whitening, cytotoxic, and anticancer properties of differently colored phenotypes that were extracted using three solvents: methanol, water, and chloroform, with the help of the chemometric approach to provide evidence on the impact of single glucosinolanes (seven identified compounds in the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS analysis) on the biological activity of the total extracts. The tested extracts exhibited moderate antiradical activity, with the methanolic extract from yellow and grey maca phenotypes scavenging 49.9 \u00b1 8.96% and 48.8% \u00b1 0.44% of DPPH radical solution at a concentration of 1 mg\/mL, respectively. Grey maca was the most active tyrosinase inhibitor, with 72.86 \u00b1 3.42% of the enzyme activity calculated for the water extract and 75.66 \u00b1 6.21% for the chloroform extract. The studies in cells showed no cytotoxicity towards the human keratinocyte line HaCaT in all studied extracts and a marked inhibition of cell viability towards the G361 melanoma cell line, which the presence of pent-4-enylglucosinolate, glucotropaeolin, and glucoalyssin in the samples could have caused. Given all biological activity tests combined, the three mentioned compounds were shown to be the most significant positive contributors to the results obtained, and the grey maca water extract was found to be the best source of the former compound among the tested samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T06:30:03Z","timestamp":1728455403000},"page":"10816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lepidium peruvianum as a Source of Compounds with Anticancer and Cosmetic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2995-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wincenty Pol Academy of Applied Sciences in Lublin, Choiny 2 Street, 20-816 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gawe\u0142-B\u0119ben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, The University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wirginia","family":"Kukula-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2406-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelina","family":"Strz\u0119pek-Gom\u00f3\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, The University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2388-4577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wawruszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-93 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelina","family":"Chrzanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11\/12 St., 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Czech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, The University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6452-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Borzyszkowska-Bukowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11\/12 St., 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"G\u0142owniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, The University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Matosiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-93 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Cristina","family":"Orihuela-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Stomatology for Children and Adolescents, Integrated Faculties of Medicine, Stomatology and Nursing, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jod\u0142owska-J\u0119drych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwi\u0142\u0142owska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4868-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Laskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11\/12 St., 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry O.","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd., 39 Leopard Ave., Elanora, Gold Coast, QLD 4221, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, June 10). 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