{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:27:26Z","timestamp":1785000446401,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pleural mesothelioma is a rare malignancy associated with asbestos exposure and very poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival of 12%. Outcomes may vary according to stage at time of diagnosis and histologic subtype. Most recently, clinical trials utilizing dual checkpoint inhibitor regimens and chemotherapy in combination with immune oncologic agents have demonstrated impactful changes in outcomes. In this article, we review studies that have led to the successful implementation of immunotherapy in clinical practice for the treatment of this disease and highlight ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of different immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma. We also discuss the challenges of immunotherapy-based approaches in the context of mesothelioma and future strategies currently being investigated to overcome them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1728476568000},"page":"10861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunotherapy for Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Chiec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora S.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s13665-024-00357-w","article-title":"Recent Advances in Mesothelioma","volume":"13","author":"Lynch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. 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