{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:42Z","timestamp":1760146122484,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY030747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030747"]}]},{"name":"Felix and Carmen Sabates Missouri Endowed Chair in Vision Research","award":["EY030747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030747"]}]},{"name":"Vision Research Foundation of Kansas City","award":["EY030747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY030747"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most prevalent ocular disease in the elderly, resulting in blindness. Oxidative stress plays a role in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) pathology observed in AMD. Tocopherols are potent antioxidants that prevent cellular oxidative damage and have been shown to upregulate the expression of cellular antioxidant proteins. Here, we determined whether oxidative stress and tocopherols, using either normal cellular conditions or conditions of sublethal cellular oxidative stress, alter the expression of proteins mediating sterol uptake, transport, and metabolism. Human telomerase transcriptase-overexpressing RPE cells (hTERT-RPE) were used to identify differential expression of proteins resulting from treatments. We utilized a proteomics strategy to identify protein expression changes in treated cells. After the identification and organization of data, we divided the identified proteins into groups related to biological function: cellular sterol uptake, sterol transport and sterol metabolism. Exposure of cells to conditions of oxidative stress and exposure to tocopherols led to similar protein expression changes within these three groups, suggesting that \u03b1-tocopherol (\u03b1T) and \u03b3-tocopherol (\u03b3T) can regulate the expression of sterol uptake, transport and metabolic proteins in RPE cells. These data suggest that proteins involved in sterol transport and metabolism may be important for RPE adaptation to oxidative stress, and these proteins represent potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T07:53:05Z","timestamp":1728546785000},"page":"10893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Proteomics Analysis on the Effects of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants on Proteins Involved in Sterol Transport and Metabolism in Human Telomerase Transcriptase-Overexpressing-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"R. Scott","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Keightley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conner W.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Koulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstein, S.R., Kelleher, C., and Khalil, R.A. 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