{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:43Z","timestamp":1760146123101,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked disorder leading to muscle degeneration and premature death due to cardiopulmonary complications. Currently, there is no cure for DMD. We previously confirmed the efficacy of human Dystrophin-Expressing Chimeric (DEC) cells created via the fusion of myoblasts from normal and DMD-affected donors. The current study aimed to optimize the development of DEC therapy via the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated fusion protocol of human myoblasts derived from normal, unrelated donors. The optimization of cell fusion assessed different factors influencing fusion efficacy, including myoblast passage number, the efficacy of PKH myoblast staining, the ratio of the single-stained myoblasts in the MIX, and PEG administration time. Additionally, the effect of PEG fusion procedure on cell viability was assessed. A correlation was found between the number of cells used for PKH staining and staining efficacy. Furthermore, the ratio of single-stained myoblasts in the MIX and PEG administration time correlated with fusion efficacy. There was no correlation found between the myoblast passage number and fusion efficacy. This study successfully optimized the myoblast fusion protocol for creation of human DEC cells, introducing DEC as a new Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) for DMD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:10:16Z","timestamp":1728634216000},"page":"10947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing Advanced Chimeric Cell Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9150-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Budzynska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o., 00-777 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna T.","family":"Bozyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o., 00-777 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Jarosinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o., 00-777 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ziemiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o., 00-777 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Siemionow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o., 00-777 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6372-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Siemionow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dystrogen Therapeutics Technology Polska sp. z o.o., 00-777 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"},{"name":"Chair and Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics, and Surgery of the Hand, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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