{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:16:46Z","timestamp":1788826606738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre NCN Poland","award":["2020\/39\/D\/NZ9\/02023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/39\/D\/NZ9\/02023"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre NCN Poland","award":["STYP\/15\/0763\/E-546\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STYP\/15\/0763\/E-546\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["2020\/39\/D\/NZ9\/02023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/39\/D\/NZ9\/02023"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["STYP\/15\/0763\/E-546\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STYP\/15\/0763\/E-546\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of our research was to determine the effects of xanthohumol (XN), a flavonoid isolated from hops (Humulus lupulus), and the anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid (NA), separately and in combination with each other, on the proliferation of human cancer cells. Additionally, so as to understand the mechanism underlying the anticancer properties of the tested compounds, their effects on the biophysical parameters of a model membrane were assessed. The cells were incubated with XN and NA at various concentrations, either individually or in combination with each other. Cell proliferation was quantified using the sulforodamine B (SRB) assay. In addition, the IC50 values for niflumic acid and xanthohumol applied separately were determined by cell proliferation tests for the following human cancer cell lines: 5637 (urinary bladder carcinoma), A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma), UM-SCC-17A (head and neck squamous carcinoma), SK-MEL-3 (melanoma), MCC13 (Merkel cell cancer), and A172 (glioblastoma), in comparison with the mouse normal fibroblasts (BALB\/3T3 clone A31). The results show that the two-compound combinations of XN and NA significantly decreased the proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the effects were stronger than the additive responses to XN and NA individually. The membrane studies revealed a synergistic effect on the membrane rigidity when using the mixture of XN and NA, which may explain the observed increase in anticancer activity for the combined XN and NA. Our results suggest that NSAIDs, such as niflumic acid, may be a promising strategy for co-application with xanthohumol as anticancer drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T04:02:58Z","timestamp":1728878578000},"page":"11015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synergistic Proliferation Effects of Xanthohumol and Niflumic Acid on Merkel and Glioblastoma Cancer Cells: Role of Cell Membrane Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5618-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Stompor-Gor\u0105cy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7610-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"W\u0142och","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5214-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priti","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6167-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nasulewicz-Goldeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Wietrzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.112813","article-title":"Dietary prenylated flavonoid xanthohumol alleviates oxidative damage and accelerates diabetic wound healing via Nrf2 activation","volume":"160","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. 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