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Our prior study on 20 early-onset preeclampsia patients undergoing TPE revealed a significant extension in pregnancy duration and reduced serum levels of sFlt-1, sFlt-1\/PlGF, and sEndoglin. Here, we investigated the impact of TPE on serum sB7-H4, an immunological checkpoint molecule, and placental proteins (Flt-1, Eng, B7-H4, iNOS, TNF-\u03b1) in TPE-treated early-onset preeclampsia patients (N = 12, 23 + 2\u201328 + 5 weeks), conventionally treated counterparts (N = 12, 23 + 5\u201330 weeks), and gestational age-matched controls (N = 8, 22 + 4\u201331 + 6 weeks). Immunoblotting, ELISA, and co-immunohistochemistry were used for biomarker analysis, including placental inflammation factors (iNOS, TNF-\u03b1). The results showed that TPE extended pregnancy by a median of 6.5 days in this cohort of early-onset preeclampsia. Serum sB7-H4, sFlt-1, and sEndoglin levels decreased, along with reduced expression of their membrane-bound proteins in placental tissue upon TPE treatment. Moreover, TPE-treated patients displayed reduced placental inflammation compared to preeclampsia patients receiving standard-of-care treatment. In conclusion, TPE may improve pregnancy outcomes in early-onset preeclampsia by lowering circulating levels of sB7-H4, sFlt-1, and sEndoglin, as well as reducing placental inflammation. This translational approach holds promise for enhancing placental function and extending gestation in high-risk pregnancies including very preterm PE or HELLP cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T09:12:50Z","timestamp":1728983570000},"page":"11082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alteration in sB7-H4 Serum Levels and Placental Biomarker Expression after Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Early-Onset Preeclampsia Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Liyan","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrix","family":"Reisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Hadrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kimmig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"K\u00f6ninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Iannaccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Gellhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13540","article-title":"The role of angiogenic factors in the management of preeclampsia","volume":"98","author":"Flint","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. 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