{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:28:56Z","timestamp":1790724536754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2027"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI","award":["No. 31PFE\/30.12.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 31PFE\/30.12.2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitization in Romania under Program 1\u2014The Improvement of the National System of Research and Development, and Subprogram 1.2\u2014Institutional Excellence\u2014Projects of Excellence Funding in RDI","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2027"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitization in Romania under Program 1\u2014The Improvement of the National System of Research and Development, and Subprogram 1.2\u2014Institutional Excellence\u2014Projects of Excellence Funding in RDI","award":["No. 31PFE\/30.12.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 31PFE\/30.12.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although impactful scientific advancements have recently been made in cancer therapy, there remains an opportunity for future improvements. Immunotherapy is perhaps one of the most cutting-edge categories of therapies demonstrating potential in the clinical setting. Genetically engineered T cells express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can detect signals expressed by the molecules present on the surface of cancer cells, also called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Their effectiveness has been extensively demonstrated in hematological cancers; therefore, these results can establish the groundwork for their applications on a wide range of requirements. However, the application of CAR-T cell technology for solid tumors has several challenges, such as the existence of an immune-suppressing tumor microenvironment and\/or inadequate tumor infiltration. Consequently, combining therapies such as CAR-T cell technology with other approaches has been proposed. The effectiveness of combining CAR-T cell with oncolytic virus therapy, with either genetically altered or naturally occurring viruses, to target tumor cells is currently under investigation, with several clinical trials being conducted. This narrative review summarizes the current advancements, opportunities, benefits, and limitations in using each therapy alone and their combination. The use of oncolytic viruses offers an opportunity to address the existing challenges of CAR-T cell therapy, which appear in the process of trying to overcome solid tumors, through the combination of their strengths. Additionally, utilizing oncolytic viruses allows researchers to modify the virus, thus enabling the targeted delivery of specific therapeutic agents within the tumor environment. This, in turn, can potentially enhance the cytotoxic effect and therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell technology on solid malignancies, with impactful results in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1729078131000},"page":"11127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Oncolytic Viruses as Reliable Adjuvants in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ruxandra Ilinca","family":"Stilpeanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Stefania","family":"Secara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea","family":"Cretu-Stancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research and Development Institute, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavian","family":"Bucur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Genomics Research and Development Institute, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, MA 02108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, April 19). 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