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Among the Gram-negative pathobionts, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum emerge as critical drivers of periodontitis, exerting their influence not only locally but also as inducers of gut dysbiosis, intestinal disturbances, and systemic ailments. This dual impact is facilitated by their ectopic colonization of the intestinal mucosa and the subsequent mediation of distal systemic effects by releasing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) into circulation. This review elucidates the principal components of oral pathobiont-derived OMVs implicated in disease pathogenesis within the oral\u2013gut axis, detailing virulence factors that OMVs carry and their interactions with host epithelial and immune cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we shed light on the less acknowledged interplay between oral pathobionts and the gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila, which can directly impede oral pathobionts\u2019 growth and modulate bacterial gene expression. Notably, OMVs derived from A. muciniphila emerge as promoters of anti-inflammatory effects within the gastrointestinal and distant tissues. Consequently, we explore the potential of A. muciniphila-derived OMVs to interact with oral pathobionts and prevent disease in the oral\u2013gut axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T03:49:34Z","timestamp":1729136974000},"page":"11141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Oral Pathobiont-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in the Oral\u2013Gut Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Catalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Seguel-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda 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Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Rivera-Asin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bocaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9374-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica y Patog\u00e9nesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisse","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katina","family":"Schinnerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Melo-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 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