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Loureirin B (LrB) can effectively improve insulin resistance and alleviate chronic inflammation, and in order to investigate the therapeutic effect of LrB on polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR), we conducted animal experiments. A PCOS-IR rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet combined with letrozole (1 mg\/kg\u00b7d for 21 days). The rats were treated with the GPR120 agonists TUG-891 and LrB for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein), hormone levels (serum insulin, E2, T, LH, and FSH), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-18) were analyzed. Histopathological analyses of ovaries were performed using hematoxylin\/eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to assess GPR120, NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression in ovaries, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate LKB1 and AMPK protein expression. LrB reduced body weight, Lee\u2019s index, ovarian index, ovarian area, and volume in PCOS-IR rats. It lowered fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. LrB decreased total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels and increased HDL levels. It reduced serum T, LH, and LH\/FSH and raised serum E2 and FSH levels. LrB downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1, increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of GPR120 in rat ovaries, and increased LKB1 and AMPK protein expression in ovaries, ameliorating ovarian histopathological changes in PCOS-IR rats. Taken together, LrB upregulated GPR120, LKB1, and AMPK protein expression, downregulated NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expression, reduced insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, and ameliorated histopathological changes in ovarian tissues in PCOS rats, suggesting its potential as a treatment for PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:42:15Z","timestamp":1729140135000},"page":"11146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Loureirin B Reduces Insulin Resistance and Chronic Inflammation in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Upregulating GPR120 and Activating the LKB1\/AMPK Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6832-5432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiusong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine-Key Laboratory Project under Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for the Research of Du-Related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae066","article-title":"Epigenetic\/circadian clocks and PCOS","volume":"39","author":"Vatier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. 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