{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:05:38Z","timestamp":1791558338342,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Research and Technology (CONICET)","award":["1122017010 0781 CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1122017010 0781 CO"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Research and Technology (CONICET)","award":["CONVE-2023-100766162-APN-MCT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONVE-2023-100766162-APN-MCT"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MiNCyT)","award":["1122017010 0781 CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1122017010 0781 CO"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MiNCyT)","award":["CONVE-2023-100766162-APN-MCT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONVE-2023-100766162-APN-MCT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the kinetics of interleukine-6 (IL-6) and interleukine-10 (IL-10) levels in dengue virus (DENV) infections during the febrile stage. Viremic patients were categorized into two phases based on anti-DENV IgM presence. Among 259 patients, 71% were in Phase I and 29% in Phase II. Secondary infections, accounting for 38.2% of cases, exhibited earlier elevations of IL-6 and IL-10 than primary infections, suggesting that pre-existing immune memory primes faster cytokine release. Thrombocytopenia and elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were associated with Phase II, secondary infections, and hospitalization. Elevated IL-6 and IL-10 levels correlated with low platelet counts, linking them to clinical manifestations. The key finding is that IL-6 and IL-10 levels rise earlier in secondary infections compared to primary infections, whereas elevated cytokine levels typically occur later in the febrile phase. This study highlights the importance of cytokine dynamics in DENV infections, particularly during the early stages. The observation of cytokine concentration changes, especially in viremic samples, provides insights into the progression of dengue disease. Further research with broader cytokine panels is warranted to validate and expand these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T03:57:09Z","timestamp":1729483029000},"page":"11238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Secondary Dengue Infection Elicits Earlier Elevations in IL-6 and IL-10 Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sonia L.","family":"Espindola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio GIGA, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Subtropical (IBS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Posadas 3300, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7158-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio GIGA, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Subtropical (IBS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Posadas 3300, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graciela M.","family":"Carballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios CEBAC SRL, Posadas 3300, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas J.","family":"Pereson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires 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