{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:54:47Z","timestamp":1791928487164,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Siedlce","award":["197\/24\/B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["197\/24\/B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are considered to be signaling molecules in higher plants involved in the regulation of growth and development processes. However, the molecular mechanisms of their formation, removal, and participation in plant responses to adverse environmental stimuli remain largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of selected single stresses and combined stresses (i.e., Rhopalosiphum padi L. aphid infestation, drought, aphid infestation, and drought) and post-stress recovery on the contents of NO and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO\u2212), as well as the levels of mRNA and protein nitration (i.e., the 8-nitroguanine and protein 3-nitrotyrosine amounts, respectively), in maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). Moreover, the expression patterns of the two tested genes (nos-ip, encoding nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein, and nr1, encoding nitrate reductase 1) involved in NO metabolism in maize plants were quantified. We identified significant intervarietal, time-course, and stress-dependent differences in the levels of the quantified parameters. Under the investigated stress conditions, the aphid-resistant Waza cv. seedlings were characterized by a higher and earlier NO accumulation and mRNA nitration level and an increased expression of the two target genes (nos-ip and nr1), compared to the aphid-susceptible Z\u0142ota Kar\u0142owa cv. seedlings. Conversely, the Z\u0142ota Kar\u0142owa plants responded with a greater elevation in the content of ONOO\u2212 and protein 3-nitrotyrosine than the Waza cv. plants The multifaceted role of NO and its derivatives in maize plants challenged by single and combined stresses, as well as during post-stress recovery, is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T03:57:09Z","timestamp":1729483029000},"page":"11280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Interplay of Nitric Oxide and Nitrosative Modifications in Maize: Implications for Aphid Herbivory and Drought Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6540-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubert","family":"Sytykiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, 14 Prusa St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Czerniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, 14 Prusa St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ruszczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, 14 Prusa St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2272-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kmie\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczy\u0144skiego St., 20-069 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20537","article-title":"Benefitting Productivity and the Environment: Current and Future Maize Cropping Systems Improve Yield While Reducing Nitrate Load","volume":"53","author":"Dohleman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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