{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1790999129911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning","award":["2022R1A2C1005917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1005917"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative brain disorder that impairs memory and thinking skills, leading to significant economic and humanistic burdens. It is associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as anxiety, agitation, depression, aggression, apathy, and psychosis. NPSs are common in patients with AD, affecting up to 97% of individuals diagnosed with AD. The severity of NPS is linked to disease progression and cognitive decline. NPS in Alzheimer\u2019s disease leads to increased morbidity, mortality, caregiver burden, earlier nursing home placement, and higher healthcare costs. Despite their significant impact, clinical research on NPS in AD is limited. In clinical settings, accurately distinguishing and diagnosing NPS related to AD remains a challenge. Additionally, conventional treatments for NPS in AD are often ineffective, highlighting the need for new therapies that target these specific symptoms. Understanding these comorbidities can aid in early diagnosis and better management of AD. In this review, we provide a summary of the various neurological and psychiatric symptoms (NPS) associated with AD and new candidates under development for the treatment of NPS based on their therapeutic targets and mechanisms. On top of the conventional NPS studied so far, this review adds recent advancements in the understanding of social functional impairment in AD. This review also provides information that can contribute to the advancement of studies and translational research in this field by emphasizing therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action focused on AD-related NPS rather than conventional mechanisms targeted in AD drug development. Above all, considering the relative lack of research in this new field despite the importance of clinical, medical, and translational research, it may increase interest in NPS in AD, its pathophysiological mechanisms, and potential therapeutic candidates such as molecules with antioxidant potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T04:10:14Z","timestamp":1729570214000},"page":"11338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Future Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Focus on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4631-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Ja","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9591-4005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hahn Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3608-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seol-Heui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00335-x","article-title":"The Humanistic and Economic Burden of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Byrnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. 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