{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:32:39Z","timestamp":1760146359777,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, with lupus nephritis (LN) occurring in 40\u201350% of SLE patients. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, LN remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with 10\u201320% of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While knowledge of LN\u2019s pathogenesis has improved, mechanisms of renal recovery are still largely unexplored. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a transmembrane receptor expressed in renal tissue, has emerged as a promising biomarker for assessing renal recovery in LN. This study evaluates and correlates longitudinal levels of NRP-1 with kidney histology using an NZB\/W F1 mouse model of LN. A total of 30 mice were used, with 15 receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC) and 15 being untreated. NRP-1 levels were measured in urine and serum, and kidney samples were taken from a subgroup of mice for histological evaluation. The results demonstrated a progressive increase in renal and urinary NRP-1 expression, particularly notable at weeks 26 and 32. Urinary NRP-1 levels above 34.40 ng\/mL were strong predictors of favorable renal response, showing 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. These findings indicate a robust correlation between urinary NRP-1 levels and renal histological recovery, underscoring the potential of NRP-1 as a valuable biomarker for assessing renal response in LN. This study demonstrates that renal production of NRP-1 is linked to histological recovery and establishes a foundation for future research into the role of NRP-1 in lupus kidney recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T11:31:57Z","timestamp":1729596717000},"page":"11364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuropilin-1 as a Key Molecule for Renal Recovery in Lupus Nephritis: Insights from an NZB\/W F1 Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group\u2014Lupus Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group\u2014Lupus Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Joseph-Mullol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group\u2014Lupus Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group\u2014Lupus Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Molin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Gabald\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group\u2014Lupus Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n University Hospital, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223035","article-title":"Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"82","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. 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