{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:12:28Z","timestamp":1790838748116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32202850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202850"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20220014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220014"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024BZRC013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BZRC013"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019A50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A50"]}]},{"name":"Project of Bama County for Talents in Science and Technology","award":["32202850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202850"]}]},{"name":"Project of Bama County for Talents in Science and Technology","award":["20220014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220014"]}]},{"name":"Project of Bama County for Talents in Science and Technology","award":["2024BZRC013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BZRC013"]}]},{"name":"Project of Bama County for Talents in Science and Technology","award":["2019A50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A50"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi University Natural Science and Technology Innovation Development Multiplier Program Project","award":["32202850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202850"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi University Natural Science and Technology Innovation Development Multiplier Program Project","award":["20220014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220014"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi University Natural Science and Technology Innovation Development Multiplier Program Project","award":["2024BZRC013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BZRC013"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi University Natural Science and Technology Innovation Development Multiplier Program Project","award":["2019A50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A50"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi BaGui Scholars Program Foundation","award":["32202850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202850"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi BaGui Scholars Program Foundation","award":["20220014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220014"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi BaGui Scholars Program Foundation","award":["2024BZRC013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BZRC013"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi BaGui Scholars Program Foundation","award":["2019A50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A50"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rutin is a flavonoid compound with potential for treating Alzheimer\u2019s disease, preventing brain damage, mitigating cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury, and exhibiting anti-glioblastoma activity. However, its efficacy is limited by its low solubility, poor bioavailability, and limited permeability across the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). To enhance the bioavailability and brain-targeting ability of Rutin, transferrin-modified Rutin liposome (Tf-Rutin-Lip) was developed using liposomes as a delivery system. Rutin liposomes were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method, and the preparation conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology. Then, transferrin (Tf) was incorporated into the liposomes through covalent modification, yielding Tf-Rutin liposomes. The toxicity of these liposomes on bEnd.3 cells, as well as their impact on the tight junctions of these cells, was rigorously evaluated. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to validate the brain-targeting efficacy of the Tf-Rutin liposomes. A susceptible detection method was developed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of Tf-Rutin-Lip further. The optimized conditions for the preparation of Tf-Rutin-Lip were determined as follows: a lipid-to-cholesterol ratio of 4.63:1, a drug-to-lipid ratio of 1:45.84, a preparation temperature of 42.7 \u00b0C, a hydration volume of 20 mL, a sonication time of 10 min, a surfactant concentration of 80 mg\/mL, a DSPE-MPEG-2000 concentration of 5%, and a DSPE-PEG2000-COOH to DSPE-MPEG-2000 molar ratio of 10%. The liposomes did not affect the cell activity of bEnd.3 cells at 24 h and did not disrupt the tight junction of the blood\u2013brain barrier. Tf-modified liposomes were taken up by bEnd.3 cells, which, in turn, passed through the BBB, thus improving liposomal brain targeting. Furthermore, the results of pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the Cmax, AUC0-\u221e, AUC0-t, MRT0-\u221e, and t1\/2 of Tf-Rutin-Lip increased 1.99-fold, 2.77-fold, 2.58-fold, 1.26-fold, and 1.19-fold compared to those of free Rutin solution, respectively. These findings suggest that Tf-Rutin-Lip is brain-targeted and may enhance the efficacy of Rutin in the treatment of brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T12:04:22Z","timestamp":1729685062000},"page":"11404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Preparation and Pharmacokinetics of Brain-Targeted Nanoliposome Loaded with Rutin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Changxu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liji","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiakang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.06.011","article-title":"Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"86","author":"Neganova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. 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