{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:32:08Z","timestamp":1785785528916,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["SC3GM125556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC3GM125556"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI100560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI100560"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI063517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI063517"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI072219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI072219"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["2R15 AI047115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15 AI047115"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["1I01BX001974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX001974"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["5T34 GM149493-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T34 GM149493-01"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["SC3GM125556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC3GM125556"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["R01AI100560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI100560"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["R01AI063517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI063517"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["R01AI072219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI072219"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["2R15 AI047115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15 AI047115"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["1I01BX001974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX001974"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs","award":["5T34 GM149493-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T34 GM149493-01"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["SC3GM125556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC3GM125556"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["R01AI100560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI100560"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["R01AI063517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI063517"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["R01AI072219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI072219"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["2R15 AI047115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15 AI047115"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["1I01BX001974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX001974"]}]},{"name":"U-RISE","award":["5T34 GM149493-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T34 GM149493-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in clinical settings has become a significant global concern. Among these bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii stands out due to its remarkable ability to acquire resistance genes and persist in hospital environments, leading to some of the most challenging infections. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a crucial role in the evolution of this pathogen. The A. baumannii AMA205 strain, belonging to sequence type ST79, was isolated from a COVID-19 patient in Argentina in 2021. This strain\u2019s antimicrobial resistance profile is notable as it harbors multiple resistance genes, some of which had not been previously described in this species. The AmpC family \u03b2-lactamase blaCMY-6, commonly found in Enterobacterales, had never been detected in A. baumannii before. Furthermore, this is the first ST79 strain known to carry the carbapenemase blaNDM-1 gene. Other acquired resistance genes include the carbapenemase blaOXA-23, further complicating treatment. Susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to most antibiotic families, including cefiderocol, with significant contributions from blaCMY-6 and blaNDM-1 genes to the cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance profiles. The A. baumannii AMA205 genome also contains genetic traits coding for 111 potential virulence factors, such as the iron-uptake system and biofilm-associated proteins. This study underscores A. baumannii\u2019s ability to acquire multiple resistance genes and highlights the need for alternative therapies and effective antimicrobial stewardship to control the spread of these highly resistant strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T05:47:33Z","timestamp":1729748853000},"page":"11424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Insights into Acinetobacter baumannii AMA205\u2019s Unprecedented Antibiotic Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"German Matias","family":"Traglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Salto 50000, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5840-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Pasteran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Regional Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL), Servicio Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n, Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samyar","family":"Moheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4903-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9353-0073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0234-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisel R.","family":"Tuttobene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Quillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital 4 de Junio, Dr. Ramon Carrillo, Roque Saenz Pe\u00f1a, Santiago del Estero H3700, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fontan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital 4 de Junio, Dr. Ramon Carrillo, Roque Saenz Pe\u00f1a, Santiago del Estero H3700, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Albornoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Regional Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL), Servicio Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n, Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Corso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Regional Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL), Servicio Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n, Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service and GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri G.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6298-7811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo E.","family":"Tolmasky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9904-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Soledad","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance of screening-detected cancers (colon and rectum, breast, and cervix)\u2014United States, 2004\u20132006","volume":"59","author":"Henley","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0197521","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01975-21","article-title":"Treatment, Clinical Outcomes, and Predictors of Mortality among a National Cohort of Admitted Patients with Acinetobacter baumannii Infection","volume":"66","author":"Appaneal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00148","article-title":"The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: Commensal Hospital Dweller Turned Pan-Drug-Resistant Menace","volume":"3","author":"Roca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00336-22","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00336-22","article-title":"The Impact of Natural Transformation on the Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants","volume":"13","author":"Perez","year":"2022","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022674","article-title":"Deciphering the Multifactorial Nature of Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenicity","volume":"6","author":"Antunes","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.09.021","article-title":"Genetics, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"104","author":"Nasr","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02631-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02631-21","article-title":"Interbacterial Transfer of Carbapenem Resistance and Large Antibiotic Resistance Islands by Natural Transformation in Pathogenic Acinetobacter","volume":"13","author":"Godeux","year":"2022","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.12.013","article-title":"Interspecies DNA Acquisition by a Naturally Competent Acinetobacter baumannii Strain","volume":"53","author":"Traglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traglia, G.M., Pasteran, F., Escalante, J., Nishimura, B., Tuttobene, M.R., Subils, T., Nu\u00f1ez, M.R., Rivollier, M.G., Corso, A., and Tolmasky, M.E. (2023). Genomic Comparative Analysis of Two Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains Assigned to International Clonal Lineage II Recovered Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12030358"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11615-w","article-title":"Protein Determinants of Dissemination and Host Specificity of Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamases","volume":"10","author":"Ayala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.8.1926","article-title":"Comparative Characterization of the Cephamycinase BlaCMY-1 Gene and Its Relationship with Other Beta-Lactamase Genes","volume":"40","author":"Bauernfeind","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.44","article-title":"Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC \u03b2-Lactamases in Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.11.009","article-title":"High Rate of Detection of High-Level Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococci from Urinary Tract Specimens in South India","volume":"31","author":"Sekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2017). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Standard No. CLSI M100)."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002837","article-title":"Natural Transformation Facilitates Transfer of Transposons, Integrons and Gene Cassettes between Bacterial Species","volume":"8","author":"Domingues","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, G., and Domingues, S. (2016). Insights on the Horizontal Gene Transfer of Carbapenemase Determinants in the Opportunistic Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms4030029"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4174-4179.2005","article-title":"Characterization of the Naturally Occurring Oxacillinase of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"49","author":"Poirel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01663-08","article-title":"In Vivo Selection of Reduced Susceptibility to Carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii Related to IS Aba1-Mediated Overexpression of the Natural Bla OXA-66 Oxacillinase Gene","volume":"53","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv102","article-title":"Distribution of the Bla OXA-23-Containing Transposons Tn 2006 and Tn 2008 in Australian Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates","volume":"70","author":"Nigro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx205","article-title":"The BlaOXA-23-Associated Transposons in the Genome of Acinetobacter Spp. Represent an Epidemiological Situation of the Species Encountering Carbapenems","volume":"72","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35377-5","article-title":"Genome Sequence Analysis of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Indigo-Pigmented Strain Depicts Evidence of Increase Genome Plasticity","volume":"8","author":"Traglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0221960","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221960","article-title":"Isolation of Five Enterobacteriaceae Species Harbouring BlaNDM-1 and Mcr-1 Plasmids from a Single Paediatric Patient","volume":"14","author":"Martino","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01221-20","article-title":"Cefiderocol Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Roles of \u03b2-Lactamases, Siderophore Receptors, and Penicillin Binding Protein 3","volume":"64","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.12.017","article-title":"Characterisation of Cefiderocol-Non-Susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Taiwan","volume":"28","author":"Yamano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289769","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2289769","article-title":"Pathogenicity and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii: Factors Contributing to the Fitness in Healthcare Settings and the Infected Host","volume":"15","author":"Lucidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01599","article-title":"Identification of Potential Virulence Factors in the Model Strain Acinetobacter baumannii A118","volume":"10","author":"Ramirez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26541-0","article-title":"Attachment to and Biofilm Formation on Abiotic Surfaces by Acinetobacter baumannii: Involvement of a Novel Chaperone-Usher Pili Assembly System","volume":"149","author":"Tomaras","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.5","article-title":"Regulation of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation","volume":"4","author":"Gaddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.02.017","article-title":"Differences in Biofilm Formation and Transcription of Biofilm-Associated Genes among Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains Belonging to the International Clone II Lineage","volume":"26","author":"Kishii","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"e000298","article-title":"Insights from the Revised Complete Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains AB307-0294 and ACICU Belonging to Global Clones 1 and 2","volume":"5","author":"Hamidian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.09.004","article-title":"Protection against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection via Its Functional Deprivation of Biofilm Associated Protein (Bap)","volume":"51","author":"Fattahian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.53.4.517-530.1989","article-title":"Genetics and Molecular Biology of Siderophore-Mediated Iron Transport in Bacteria","volume":"53","author":"Crosa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-008-9202-3","article-title":"Iron Acquisition Functions Expressed by the Human Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"22","author":"Zimbler","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5193","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01005","article-title":"Iron Acquisition Systems of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Define TonB-Dependent Pathways to Novel Antibiotics","volume":"121","author":"Klebba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D566","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1004","article-title":"CARD 2017: Expansion and Model-Centric Curation of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"45","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201500147","article-title":"Discovery and Characterization of New Hydroxamate Siderophores, Baumannoferrin A and B, Produced by Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"16","author":"Penwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008995","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008995","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii Can Use Multiple Siderophores for Iron Acquisition, but Only Acinetobactin Is Required for Virulence","volume":"16","author":"Sheldon","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062160","article-title":"Variation in the Complex Carbohydrate Biosynthesis Loci of Acinetobacter baumannii Genomes","volume":"8","author":"Kenyon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01206-5","article-title":"The Wzi Outer Membrane Protein Mediates Assembly of a Tight Capsular Polysaccharide Layer on the Acinetobacter baumannii Cell Surface","volume":"11","author":"Tickner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: Rapid Prokaryotic Genome Annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv681","article-title":"JSpeciesWS: A Web Server for Prokaryotic Species Circumscription Based on Pairwise Genome Comparison","volume":"32","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5539","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz361","article-title":"Fast Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure","volume":"47","author":"Lees","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.5.955","article-title":"TRNAscan-SE: A Program for Improved Detection of Transfer RNA Genes in Genomic Sequence","volume":"25","author":"Lowe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D687","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1080","article-title":"VFDB 2019: A Comparative Pathogenomic Platform with an Interactive Web Interface","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01310-13","article-title":"ARG-ANNOT, a New Bioinformatic Tool To Discover Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Genomes","volume":"58","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/21\/11424\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:19:28Z","timestamp":1760113168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/21\/11424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms252111424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252111424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]}}}