{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:42:52Z","timestamp":1789429372104,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009594","name":"University of Pecs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["013_2023_PTE_RK\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["013_2023_PTE_RK\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the availability, scalability, and low immunogenicity, bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) are increasingly considered to be a promising carrier of nanomedicines for future therapy. However, considering that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of biological origin, different sources of EVs, including the host origin and the specific cells that produce the EVs, may have different effects on the structure and function of EVs. Additionally, MEVs play an important role in immune regulation, due to their evolutionary conserved cargo, such as cytokines and miRNAs. Their potential effects on different organs, as well as their accumulation in the human body, should not be overlooked. In this review, we have summarized current impacts and research progress brought about by utilizing MEVs as nano-drug carriers. Nevertheless, we also aim to explore the possible connections between the molecules involved in cellular immunity, cytokines and miRNAs of MEVs produced under different health conditions, and autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T04:15:02Z","timestamp":1730088902000},"page":"11499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dairy: Friend or Foe? Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4581-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hairui","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas Imre","family":"Csuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Soft Flow Ltd., 7634 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Czompoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soft Flow Ltd., 7634 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8609-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztian","family":"Kvell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535750","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): A position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Witwer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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