{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:10:31Z","timestamp":1792188631826,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liberty University","award":["MR2508-MR2508-B3C98-711099-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR2508-MR2508-B3C98-711099-20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence around the world, associated with a variety of blunt force and torsion injuries affecting all age groups. Most never reach medical attention, and the identification of acute injury and later clearance to return to usual activities is relegated to clinical evaluation\u2014particularly in sports injuries. Advanced structural imaging is rarely performed due to the usual absence of associated acute anatomic\/hemorrhagic changes. This review targets physiologic imaging techniques available to identify subtle blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction and white matter tract shear injury and their association with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. These techniques provide needed objective measures to assure recovery from injury in those patients with persistent cognitive\/emotional symptoms and in the face of repetitive mTBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T04:15:02Z","timestamp":1730088902000},"page":"11522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Associated Blood\u2013Brain Barrier (BBB) Damage and Restoration Using Late-Phase Perfusion Analysis by 3D ASL MRI: Implications for Predicting Progressive Brain Injury in a Focused Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles R.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: Progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"21","author":"Maas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1071\/HC17071","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury in New Zealand: Factors influencing post-concussion symptom recovery time in a specialised concussion service","volume":"10","author":"Forrest","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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