{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:18:14Z","timestamp":1761808694118,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary hyperparathyroidism represents the third most prevalent endocrine disease in the general population, consisting of an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone from one or, more frequently, more of the parathyroid glands, leading to a dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Schematically, its development occurs primarily by pathophysiological events with genetic mutation, at the germline and\/or somatic level, that favor the neoplastic transformation of parathyroid cells and promote their aberrant proliferation, and mutations determining the shift in the PTH \u201cset-point\u201d, thus interfering with the normal pathways of PTH secretion and leading to a \u201cresetting\u201d of Ca2+-dependent PTH secretion or to a secretion of PTH insensitive to changes in extracellular Ca2+ levels. Familial syndromic and non-syndromic forms of primary hyperparathyroidism are responsible for approximately 2\u20135% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases and most of them are inherited forms. The history of the genetic\/molecular studies of parathyroid tumorigenesis associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) represents an interesting model to understand genetic\u2013epigenetic\u2013molecular aspects underlying the pathophysiology of primary hyperparathyroidism, both in relation to syndromic and non-syndromic forms. This minireview aims to take a quick and simplified look at the MEN1-associated parathyroid tumorigenesis, focusing on the molecular underlying mechanisms. Clinical, epidemiological, and observational studies, as well as specific guidelines, molecular genetics studies, and reviews, have been considered. Only studies submitted to PubMed in the English language were included, without time constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T04:51:33Z","timestamp":1730177493000},"page":"11586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Pathophysiology of Parathyroid Tumorigenesis\u2014The Lesson from a Rare Disease: The \u201cMEN1 Model\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6651-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Endocrinologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Cosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center Amedic, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1892-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Vescini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Endocrinologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6739-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Falchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Endocrinologia, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell\u2019Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"N18-23","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Europe","volume":"17","author":"Adami","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16033","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.33","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"2","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.09.011","article-title":"Genetics of parathyroids disorders: Overview","volume":"32","author":"Falchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1751","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad253","article-title":"New Perspective on the Genetic Dissection Underlying the Development of Parathyroid Cancer","volume":"108","author":"Falchetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5658","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.12.8070","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of MEN type 1 and type 2","volume":"86","author":"Brandi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4266(05)81751-2","article-title":"Lessons from genes mutated in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes","volume":"66","author":"Falchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000345666","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"41","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Horm. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00011","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Clinical and genetic topics","volume":"129","author":"Marx","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6492-4","article-title":"Adrenal involvement in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"26","author":"Langer","year":"2002","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.08.002","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4)","volume":"386","author":"Thakker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5311.404","article-title":"Positional cloning of the gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1","volume":"276","author":"Chandrasekharappa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.7.1177","article-title":"Identification of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. The European Consortium on MEN1","volume":"6","author":"Lemmens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20605","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1): Analysis of 1336 mutations reported in the first decade following identification of the gene","volume":"29","author":"Lemos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2015.12.002","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1): An update of 208 new germline variants reported in the last nine years","volume":"209","author":"Concolino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-38","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"1","author":"Marini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Bilezikian, J.P. (2015). The Parathyroids: Basic and Clinical Concepts, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.05.035","article-title":"Parathyroid carcinoma and atypical parathyroid neoplasms in MEN1 patients; A clinico-pathologic challenge. The MD Anderson case series and review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Christakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3659","article-title":"MEN1 disease occurring before 21 years old: A 160-patient cohort study from the Groupe d\u2019\u00e9tude des Tumeurs Endocrines","volume":"100","author":"Goudet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090304","article-title":"Sporadic and MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism: Differences in clinical expression and severity","volume":"24","author":"Chiodini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.125","article-title":"Early-onset, progressive, frequent, extensive, and severe bone mineral and renal complications in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"25","author":"Coutinho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210456","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0456","article-title":"Bone phenotypes in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Survey on the MEN1 Florentine database","volume":"11","author":"Marini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05731.x","article-title":"Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I: The urologist is first on the scene","volume":"96","author":"Christopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.09.010","article-title":"Management of familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes: MEN1, MEN2, MEN4, HPT-Jaw tumour, Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, FHH, and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism","volume":"32","author":"Falchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4491","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in young people. When should we perform genetic testing for multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN-1)?","volume":"99","author":"Lassen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/332085a0","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene maps to chromosome 11 and is lost in insulinoma","volume":"332","author":"Larsson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.23.10914","article-title":"Antioncogenes and human cancer","volume":"90","author":"Knudson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345303","article-title":"Novel somatic MEN1 gene alterations in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism and correlation with clinical characteristics","volume":"27","author":"Scarpelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0327","article-title":"MEN1 intragenic deletions may represent the most prevalent somatic event in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"168","author":"Alvelos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1774","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1743","article-title":"Identification of somatic mutations in parathyroid tumors using whole-exome sequencing","volume":"97","author":"Cromer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000345675","article-title":"Genetic defects associated with familial and sporadic hyperparathyroidism","volume":"41","author":"Hendy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Horm. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1995","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2303","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing studies of nonhereditary (sporadic) parathyroid adenomas","volume":"97","author":"Newey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/329246a0","article-title":"Genetic linkage of bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis to a DNA marker on chromosome 22","volume":"329","author":"Rouleau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90340-7","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. Long-term follow-up of serum calcium levels after parathyroidectomy","volume":"78","author":"Rizzoli","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605153142004","article-title":"Parathyroid mitogenic activity in plasma from patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"314","author":"Brandi","year":"1986","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907273210402","article-title":"CClonality of parathyroid tumors in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"321","author":"Friedman","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1578","article-title":"Clonal analysis by chromosome 11 microsatellite-PCR of microdissected parathyroid tumors from MEN 1 patients","volume":"227","author":"Morelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"5272","article-title":"Allelic deletions on chromosome 11q13 in multiple tumors from individual MEN1 patients","volume":"56","author":"Lubensky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.9.8784061","article-title":"Are allelic losses at 11q13 universal in MEN 1 tumors?","volume":"81","author":"Brandi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09709-1","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Parathyroid Tumors","volume":"33","author":"Erickson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelakurti, D.D., Pappula, A.L., Rajasekaran, S., Miles, W.O., and Petreaca, R.C. (2020). Comprehensive Analysis of MEN1 Mutations and Their Role in Cancer. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092616"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6569","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.15.6569-6580.2004","article-title":"Menin Missense Mutants Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Are Rapidly Degraded via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway","volume":"24","author":"Yaguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1089","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21170","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges due to phenocopies: Lessons from multiple endocrine neoplasia type1 (MEN1)","volume":"31","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220093","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0093","article-title":"Systematic detection of mosaicism by using digital NGS reveals three new MEN1 mosaicisms","volume":"11","author":"Lagarde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15558","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603877103","article-title":"Germ-line mutations in p27Kip1 cause a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome in rats and humans","volume":"103","author":"Pellegata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1482","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae055","article-title":"Beyond MEN1, When to Think About MEN4? Retrospective Study on 5600 Patients in the French Population and Literature Review","volume":"109","author":"Chevalier","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220411","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0411","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4: A new member of the MEN family","volume":"12","author":"Singeisen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavezzi, E., Brunetti, A., Smiroldo, V., Nappo, G., Pedicini, V., Vitali, E., Trivellin, G., Mazziotti, G., and Lania, A. (2022). Case Report: New CDKN1B Mutation in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4 and Brief Literature Review on Clinical Management. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.773143"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.11.1464","article-title":"Cyclin E-CDK2 is a regulator of p27Kip1","volume":"11","author":"Sheaff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2083","article-title":"Rare germline mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related states","volume":"94","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marini, F., Giusti, F., Iantomasi, T., and Brandi, M.L. (2021). Parathyroid Tumors: Molecular Signatures. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011206"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14659","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503484102","article-title":"Menin regulates pancreatic islet growth by promoting histone methylation and expression of genes encoding p27Kip1 and p18INK4c","volume":"102","author":"Karnik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T195","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0243","article-title":"MEN4 and CDKN1B mutations: The latest of the MEN syndromes","volume":"24","author":"Alrezk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0195","article-title":"DNA methylation profiling in MEN1-related pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors reveals a potential epigenetic target for treatment","volume":"179","author":"Conemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T147","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0298","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation by the menin pathway","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2010.39","article-title":"Ribozyme-mediated compensatory induction of menin-oncosuppressor function in primary fibroblasts from MEN1 patients","volume":"17","author":"Luzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1359-7","article-title":"Identification of differentially expressed microRNA in parathyroid tumors","volume":"18","author":"Rahbari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02506","article-title":"Identification of Differential Transcriptional Patterns in Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism","volume":"103","author":"Sadowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-09-0134","article-title":"Differential expression of microRNAs in human parathyroid carcinomas compared with normal parathyroid tissue","volume":"17","author":"Corbetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-11-0189","article-title":"The microRNA cluster C19MC is deregulated in parathyroid tumours","volume":"49","author":"Vaira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0204","article-title":"The aberrantly expressed miR-372 partly impairs sensitivity to apoptosis in parathyroid tumor cells","volume":"25","author":"Verdelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02535-7","article-title":"Expression profile of serum-related exosomal miRNAs from parathyroid tumor","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E701","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1338","article-title":"Somatic mutation and germline sequence abnormalities in CDKN1B, encoding p27Kip1, in sporadic parathyroid adenomas","volume":"96","author":"Marinoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzi, E., Marini, F., Giusti, F., Galli, G., Cavalli, L., and Brandi, M.L. (2012). The negative feedback-loop between the oncomir Mir-24-1 and menin modulates the Men1 tumorigenesis by mimicking the \u201cKnudson\u2019s second hit\u201d. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039767"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-013-0147-9","article-title":"Germline and somatic mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes CDKN1A, CDKN2B, and CDKN2C in sporadic parathyroid adenomas","volume":"4","author":"Soong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1743","article-title":"Analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in MEN1 parathyroid adenomas","volume":"9","author":"Luzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morotti, A., Cetani, F., Passoni, G., Borsari, S., Pardi, E., Guarnieri, V., Verdelli, C., Tavanti, G.S., Valenti, L., and Bianco, C. (2022). The Long Non-Coding BC200 Is a Novel Circulating Biomarker of Parathyroid Carcinoma. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.869006"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/21\/11586\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:41Z","timestamp":1760113361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/21\/11586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms252111586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252111586","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]}}}