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Catanzaro","award":["82261138630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82261138630"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro","award":["INV-059115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-059115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, natural polymers have attracted great interest for the development of release systems for vaccine formulations and drug delivery. Zein, a hydrophobic proline-rich protein mixture obtained from maize, is one of the most widely used polymers, very promising for applications in tissue engineering and the parenteral delivery of bioactive agents. Still, we have a limited understanding of the interaction between zein particles and the human immune system, in particular innate immunity\/inflammation, which is the first line of defense of our body. Assessing the immune safety of nanoparticles is of central importance for ensuring that nano-formulations for medical use do not cause adverse effects on human health. Here, we evaluated the capacity of zein nanoparticles to induce\/modulate the innate\/inflammatory response, the development of innate memory, and the macrophage polarization by using reliable in vitro systems based on human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. We observed that zein nanoparticles do not influence any of these aspects of the innate immune\/inflammatory response, suggesting its safety and its potential efficiency as a nanocarrier for drug or antigen delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T13:21:39Z","timestamp":1730208099000},"page":"11630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Safety of Zein Nanoparticles on Human Innate Immunity and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Corteggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Heinzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Boraschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT, CNR), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Voci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario \u201cSalvatore Venuta\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario \u201cSalvatore Venuta\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4898-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Cosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario \u201cSalvatore Venuta\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9830-2733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Italiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT, CNR), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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