{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:37:18Z","timestamp":1785299838125,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1553 11.10.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is challenging due to overlapping phenotypes and late onset of PSP specific symptoms, highlighting the need for easily assessable biomarkers. We used proximity elongation assay (PEA) to analyze 460 proteins in serum samples from 46 PD, 30 PSP patients, and 24 healthy controls. ANCOVA was used to identify the most promising proteins and machine learning (ML) XGBoost and random forest algorithms to assess their classification performance. Promising proteins were also quantified by ELISA. Moreover, correlations between serum biomarkers and biological and clinical features were investigated. We identified five proteins (TFF3, CPB1, OPG, CNTN1, TIMP4) showing different levels between PSP and PD, which achieved good performance (AUC: 0.892) when combined by ML. On the other hand, when the three most significant biomarkers (TFF3, CPB1 and OPG) were analyzed by ELISA, there was no difference between groups. Serum levels of TFF3 positively correlated with age in all subjects\u2019 groups, while for OPG and CPB1 such a correlation occurred in PSP patients only. Moreover, CPB1 positively correlated with disease severity in PD, while no correlations were observed in the PSP group. Overall, we identified CPB1 correlating with PD severity, which may support clinical staging of PD. In addition, our results showing discrepancy between PEA and ELISA technology suggest that caution should be used when translating proteomic findings into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T09:10:44Z","timestamp":1730279444000},"page":"11663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Proximity Elongation Assay and ELISA for the Identification of Serum Diagnostic Biomarkers in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7811-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costanza Maria","family":"Cristiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7936-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Calomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3239-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana","family":"Scaramuzzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Stella","family":"Murfuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira Immacolata","family":"Parrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6313-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. 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