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HD is characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. Pathologically, patients with HD show selective striatal neuronal vulnerability at the early disease stage, although the mutant protein is ubiquitously expressed. Activation of the immune system and glial cell-mediated neuroinflammatory responses are early pathological features and have been found in all neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including HD. However, the role of inflammation in HD, as well as its therapeutic significance, has been less extensively studied compared to other NDDs. This review highlights the significantly elevated levels of inflammatory proteins and cellular markers observed in various HD animal models and HD patient tissues, emphasizing the critical roles of microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in mediating neuroinflammation in HD. Moreover, it expands on recent discoveries related to the peripheral immune system\u2019s involvement in HD. Although current immunomodulatory treatments and inflammatory biomarkers for adjunctive diagnosis in HD are limited, targeting inflammation in combination with other therapies, along with comprehensive personalized treatment approaches, shows promising therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T03:57:34Z","timestamp":1730692654000},"page":"11787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Neuroinflammatory Proteins in Huntington\u2019s Disease: Insights into Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huichun","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3112-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shurui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6620-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sitong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-05173-2","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"557","author":"Brody","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s 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