{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:53:49Z","timestamp":1789044829637,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"seed grant funding","award":["ASG2022053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASG2022053"]}]},{"name":"seed grant funding","award":["SUR\/2022\/003961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUR\/2022\/003961"]}]},{"name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham and SURE research funding","award":["ASG2022053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASG2022053"]}]},{"name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham and SURE research funding","award":["SUR\/2022\/003961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUR\/2022\/003961"]}]},{"name":"Science Engineering and Research Board (SERB)","award":["ASG2022053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASG2022053"]}]},{"name":"Science Engineering and Research Board (SERB)","award":["SUR\/2022\/003961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUR\/2022\/003961"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of India","award":["ASG2022053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASG2022053"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of India","award":["SUR\/2022\/003961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUR\/2022\/003961"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one among the prime causes of death worldwide. An urgent remedy against tuberculosis is of paramount importance in the current scenario. However, the complex nature of this appalling disease contributes to the limitations of existing medications. The quest for better treatment approaches is driving the research in the field of host epigenomics forward in context with tuberculosis. The interplay between various host epigenetic factors and the pathogen is under investigation. A comprehensive understanding of how Mycobacterium tuberculosis orchestrates such epigenetic factors and favors its survival within the host is in increasing demand. The modifications beneficial to the pathogen are reversible and possess the potential to be better targets for various therapeutic approaches. The mechanisms, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA modification, are being explored for their impact on pathogenesis. In this article, we are deciphering the role of mycobacterial epigenetic regulators on various strategies like cytokine expression, macrophage polarization, autophagy, and apoptosis, along with a glimpse of the potential of host-directed therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T03:57:34Z","timestamp":1730692654000},"page":"11801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Epigenetic Mechanisms Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Promote Its Survival in the Host"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shwetha Susan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniyil","family":"Abhinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun M.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bipin G.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetha B.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. B.","family":"Arun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2599-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lekshmi K.","family":"Edison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aravind","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05913","article-title":"Perceptions of epigenetics","volume":"447","author":"Bird","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16170","article-title":"Epigenetic code during mycobacterial infections: Therapeutic implications for tuberculosis","volume":"289","author":"Fatima","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2021.102077","article-title":"Immunomodulation by epigenome alterations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"128","author":"Gauba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khadela, A., Chavda, V.P., Postwala, H., Shah, Y., Mistry, P., and Apostolopoulos, V. 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