{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:00:35Z","timestamp":1784127635277,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CARIPARO","award":["20\/14 FCR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\/14 FCR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the leading cause of premature kidney transplant failure. The role of alloantibodies against Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) has been a primary focus in AMR. More recently autoantibodies and alloantibodies against the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) have been linked to poor allograft outcomes in kidney transplantation. Nevertheless, evidence supporting routine testing remains insufficient. ELISA testing for anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies was performed in a pediatric renal transplant cohort. We selected 12 pediatric recipients who had undergone protocol biopsies and antibody measurements at 6 and 24 months post-transplant. Immunohistochemistry was performed on biopsies for AT1R and ETAR as well as the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The analysis showed that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was significantly increased, along with the presence of circulating antibodies, in patients at 24 months post-transplant compared to patients without circulating antibodies. The presence of anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies does not seem to influence the expression of their receptors in the transplanted organ. Instead, the increase in adhesion molecules may precede the development of histological damage. Therefore, enlarging the cohort and extending long-term observation would help to understand the impact of anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies after transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T03:57:34Z","timestamp":1730692654000},"page":"11817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Non-HLA Autoantibodies Against Angiotensin II Receptor 1 (AT1R) and Endothelin A Receptor (ETAR) in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7011-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Antoniello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute \u201cIRP Citt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d, 35127 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Negrisolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute \u201cIRP Citt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d, 35127 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Marzenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute \u201cIRP Citt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piera","family":"De Gaspari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Euroimmun Italy, Laboratory Reference, 35127 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute \u201cIRP Citt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8939-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Benetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute \u201cIRP Citt\u00e0 della Speranza\u201d, 35127 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.09.008","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation in Children","volume":"66","author":"Winterberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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