{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:34:16Z","timestamp":1791815656335,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This narrative review explores the current landscape of blood biomarkers in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) may be useful in the differentiation of behavioral variant FTD from primary psychiatric disorders (PPDs) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In prodromal FTD and presymptomatic mutation carriers (GRN, MAPT, C9orf72), elevated NfL may herald pheno-conversion to full-blown dementia. Baseline NfL correlates with steeper neuroanatomical changes and cognitive, behavioral and functional decline, making NfL promising in monitoring disease progression. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) levels have a potential limited role in the demarcation of the conversion stage to full-blown FTD. Combined NfL and pNfH measurements may allow a wider stage stratification. Total tau levels lack applicability in the framework of FTD. p-tau, on the other hand, is of potential value in the discrimination of FTD from Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Progranulin concentrations could serve the identification of GRN mutation carriers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) may assist in the differentiation of PPDs from behavioral variant FTD and the detection of GRN mutation carriers (additional research is warranted). Finally, TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) appears to be a promising diagnostic biomarker for FTD. Its potential in distinguishing TDP-43 pathology from other FTD-related pathologies requires further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:52:54Z","timestamp":1730713974000},"page":"11838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Blood-Based Biomarkers in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Liampas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Kyriakoulopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Karakoida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota Andriana","family":"Kavvoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-4534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markos","family":"Sgantzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9697-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Bogdanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polyxeni","family":"Stamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2957-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Siokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00461-4","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia","volume":"386","author":"Bang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.14.34","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia: Diagnosis, deficits and management","volume":"4","author":"Bott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurodegener. 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