{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:44:01Z","timestamp":1790246641701,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heterophile antibodies, which can arise from infections, autoimmune disorders, or exposure to animal antigens, can interfere with immunoassays. These antibodies can cross-react with the test reagents used in troponin assays, causing a false elevation in troponin levels. The paper describes a case of a 37-year-old male drug abuser admitted to the emergency room with chest pain. A series of troponin measurements performed using different assays gave discrepant results. Only thanks to the use of Scantibodies HBT tubes, which remove heterophile antibodies, was it possible to make a correct diagnosis of troponin negativity. In conclusion, a correct laboratory\/clinical approach to the identification of heterophile antibody interference is essential for accurate troponin testing in order to avoid false positive results. Implementing neutralizing tests can significantly improve the reliability of these diagnostic assays, ensuring better patient outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252211937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T11:13:37Z","timestamp":1730891617000},"page":"11937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Troponin Test, Not Only a Number: An Unusual Case of False Positive"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9678-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Salvatici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Gaimarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rispoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia Francesca","family":"Sansico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Matteucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bandera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5206-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90466-X","article-title":"Intracellular compartmentation of cardiac troponin T and its release kinetics in patients with reperfused and non-reperfused myocardial infarction","volume":"67","author":"Katus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. 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